The
The Joseph Downs Collection of Manuscripts and
Printed Ephemera
Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur
Museum, Winterthur, DE 19735
302-888-4600 or 800-448-3883
OVERVIEW OF
THE COLLECTION
Creator: Nicholson, John, 1757-1800.
Title: Papers
Dates: [1778?]-1800.
Call No.: Mic. 2710-2714
Acc. No.: [none]
Quantity: 5 microfilm reels
Location: microfilm cabinet
BIOGRAPHICAL
STATEMENT
John Nicholson was a financier, businessman, comptroller general of
Nicholson
was born in
Under
the Federal Loan of 1792, Nicholson exchanged some $60,000 in "New
Loan" certificates for federal securities. Not only had the comptroller
general picked up these certificates for next to nothing, but they were not
regarded as state debt to be redeemed. It was this state of affairs that caused
the State House of Representatives to resolve on April 5, 1793, to impeach John
Nicholson, to institute a suit against him for the recovery of funds which he had
allegedly diverted, and to appoint a committee to examine his accounts and make
a report. The committee, which was made up of Benjamin R. Morgan, Albert
Gallatin, and Cadwallader Evans, reported him a public defaulter to a large
amount. The trial in the State Senate was protracted and confusing. The House
prosecutors were unable to muster a two-thirds vote against him on any of seven
counts. In fact, a majority voted in his favor on all but two charges.
Nicholson was acquitted but in 1794 resigned all his public offices.
He
then became the partner of Robert Morris in land speculation and development.
With Morris he promoted the development of
Early
in the winter of 1799-1800, Nicholson was imprisoned for debt. He died on
December 5, 1800, leaving a wife, eight children, and more than four million
dollars in debts. The attempt to settle his estate resulted in the creation of
a series of special state commissions, the sequestering of his private and
business papers, and the creation in 1843 of a special Nicholson Court of
Pleas.
SCOPE AND
CONTENT
These papers include both business and personal
papers. Types of documents include
account books, cash books, payroll records, bank records, land records,
vouchers, receipts, statements and correspondence. Records pertaining to the
LANGUAGE OF
MATERIALS
The materials are in English.
RESTRICTIONS
ON ACCESS
Collection is open to the public. Copyright restrictions may apply.
PROVENANCE
Originals held by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum
Commission, Division of Archives and Manuscripts, Manuscript Group 96,
Sequestered John Nicholson Papers. The
ACCESS POINTS
Topics:
T.B. Freeman & Co. (
Real property -
Finance, Personal.
Retail trade -
Glass manufacture.
Correspondence.
Maps.
Journals (notebooks).
Accounts.
Capitalists and financiers.
Politicians.
DETAILED
DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION
Location:
Mic. 2710
Accounts and
receipts, 1792-1795 (part);
Waste
book of Arthur Donaldson, 1793-1794;
Waste
book of William Duncan, 1794-1796;
Workmen’s
time book, 1793-1794
Elouis,
Henry, account book, 1794;
Flood,
Thomas, account book, 1795;
Frankford
Creek Ditchers account book, 1795;
T.B.
Freeman & Company records: [continues on next reel]:
Agreement,
November 2, 1795;
Index
of accounts, n.d.
Bill
book, 1797;
Cashbook
no. 1, June 2, 1796-October 17, 1796;
Cashbook
no. 2, October 19, 1796-May 29, 1797;
Cashbook
(pocket) no. 3, 1797;
Memorandum
book no. 1, May 16, 1796-January 13, 1797;
Memorandum
book no. 2, February 24, 1797-July 27, 1797;
Memorandum
book no. 3, June 25, 1796-May 26, 1797;
Petty
ledger (workmen’s book), 1797;
Sales
of commissions, 1797;
Stock
book, 1797
[this is roll 3
of original set; Downs Collection does not have entire set]
Mic. 2711 T.B. Freeman & Company records: [continued from
previous reel]:
Vouchers,
receipts, statements, 1795-1800;
Glass
Works accounts, 1794-1797:
Accounts
of workmen, book A, 1794-1796 (payroll accounts);
Accounts
of workmen, book B, 1795-1797 (payroll accounts);
Record
of glass made, 1797;
Records
of wages due glassmakers, 1797;
Records
of William Eichbaum:
Estimates
of cash received and laid out, February 20, [1797?];
Glass
work ordered and received, 1796-1797;
Petty
expense book, 1797;
Receipts,
1797;
Hetty
marketing accounts, 1797-1798:
Account
book A, February 21-April 1, 1797;
Account
book C, June 19, 1797-March 5, 1798;
Account
book D, July 10-December 9, 1797;
Hollenback,
Mathias, account book, 1788-1789;
Moulder,
William, Jr., accounts, 1793-97:
Cash book (Savage B), 1793;
Cash book no. 1, May 4-August 6, 1797;
Cash book no. 2, August 8-October 29,
1796;
vouchers and receipts, 1797;
Nicholson, John,
personal accounts, 1787-92:
account book, 1789;
house construction account book, 1790-1792;
persons to expect resources from book, 1795-1796,
1800;
real estate improvement account book, 1787-91;
team to
Nicholson, Samuel, accounts:
Book of Accounts B, 1789;
Smock, Robert:
estate account book, n. d.;
[this is roll 4 of
original set; Downs
Collection does not have entire set]
Mic. 2712: General correspondence, from
Evens to General Assembly:
[note: this is roll 8 of the original set of
correspondence; number in parentheses is the number of the first frame on which
that person’s correspondence begins]
Evens,
John B., & Co.,
Everstson,
Barnet, 1797 (addressed to: President and Managers of the Penny L Co.) (83)
Ewing,
John, Dr.?,
Ewing,
William,
Eyerly,
Jacob, Jr.,
Falconer,
Nathaniel,
Fardner,
Basil, Kensington, 1797 (111)
Farris,
Ed.,
Fartner,
Mathias,
Febiger,
Christian,
Fee,
John,
Felker,
George,
Fell,
Jesse, Wilkes Barre, 1792 (addressed to Wm. Duncan; endorsed by Nicholson)
(164)
Feltknapp,
Benjamin, Capt., Bermuda,
Ferrall,
Patrick,
Fertner,
Lewis, [
Few,
J. [Joseph?], Indian Queen, 1795 (184)
Field,
John, & Son,
Finley,
John,
Fisher,
Elias, [
Fisher,
James C., [
Fisher,
Joseph C., [
Fisher,
Miers, [
Fisher,
Samuel R. [Rowland],
Fisher,
Samuel W.,
Fisher,
Thomas, [
Fitch,
John,
Fitz
Simmons, Thomas, [
Fleming,
John, Brandywine,
Flood,
Thomas, [
Flower,
Martha, Mrs., [
Fogel,
Misse,
Footman
& Co.,
Ford,
Theops.,
Forde,
Standish, [
Forman,
Ezekiel,
Forrest,
Andrew, [
Forrest,
Thomas,
Forrest,
William,
Forsyth,
John, York Borough, 1795 [copy] (467)
Forsyth,
William,
Foster,
A. W. [Alexander W.],
Fowler,
Alexander,
Fowler,
Anthony,
Fox,
Edward, [
Fox,
Samuel M., [
Fradrik,
Jacob, Putnam, 1789 (573)
Francis,
Tench,
Francis,
Thomas Willing,
Franklin,
Walter, [
Franks,
Isaac,
Fraunces,
A. G.,
Frazier,
Nalbro, [
Frederick,
Jacob, & Co., Tunck Hannock Creek, 1789 (608)
Freeman,
S., Mrs. [
Freeman,
T. B.,
French,
George,
Fries,
John,
Fromberger,
John,
Fry,
John, Jr.,
Galbraith,
Robert,
Gallagher,
James, [
Gallaudet,
P. W.,
Gallatin,
Albert, 1793 [copy] (1034)
Gantt,
John M.,
Gardner,
Johns S., and Samuel Folwell,
Garlick,
Joseph,
Gebler,
G. [Godfrey?], no place, 1796 (1062)
Geller,
Conrad Wilhm. – see Henry Christian Ulrici, 1795
General
Assembly, 1781, 1789, 1793, n.d. (1063)
Mic. 2713: General correspondence, from
Marbury to
[note: this is roll 13 of the original set of
correspondence; number in parentheses is the number of the first frame on which
that person’s correspondence begins]
Marbury,
William,
Marks,
Solomon, Jr.,
Markey,
Richard, shoe maker, North 6
Marshall,
Sarah, [
Marshall,
William,
Marshel,
James,
Marston(?),
James, Litellfalls [sic], near
Martens,
Frederick Rudolph, Tergelen, near Wahren, 1795 (50)
Martin,
Mr.,
Martin,
James, sergeant-at-arms, H.R. [House of Representatives],
Martin,
Luther,
Martin,
Robert,
Mason,
John,
Mason,
Richard,
Massey,
Ebenezer,
Mather,
Ralph,
Matlack,
Josiah, no place, 1795 (197)
Maxwell,
Robert, [
May,
George,
Mayo,
John,
Mazurie(?),
James, no place, 1797 (224)
Meade,
George,
Mecklin,
Samuel,
Meeker,
Cochran & Co.,
Melcher,
Capt.,
Mendenhall,
Thomas,
Mentges,
J. P.,
Merry,
Jonathan,
Mersereau(?),
Joshua, Choconut, Union,
Mesmith,
J., Potomack Furnace, 1794 (390)
Messenger,
Simon, 3(?) Stores, Kensington, 1790(?), 1795-1797 (392)
Mickle,
John,
Mickle,
Robert,
(see also T. B. Freeman, Mic. 2712, frames 735-737)
Mifflin,
Benjamin,
Mifflin,
Jonathan,
Mifflin,
Thomas, Gov., 1790-1794 (556)
Millar,
John Craig, Stoney brook, near Princetown, 1796 (566)
Miller
and Grant,
Miller,
Adam, Hoppbottom, 1795 (574)
Miller,
Addom, and Robert Pattison, Hobbottom, 1790 (577)
Miller,
Connord, Hoppbotton, 1789 (580)
Miller,
Eleanor, Tuneshanock Creek, 1789-1790 (583)
Miller,
John,
Miller,
John, Jr.,
Miller,
Joseph,
Miller,
Joseph J.,
Miller,
Miller,
Robert, [
Millesent,
James, [
Milligan,
James, comptroller, 1782 (632)
Milligan,
Robert, [
Milne,
Milnor,
James, [
Milnor,
Joseph H.,
Minchin,
John,
(see also T. B. Freeman, Mic. 2712, frame 711)
Mitchell,
John,
Mix,
John and Jonathan, [
Mix,
Jonathan,
Mix,
Nathaniel Farrand,
Moliere(?)
and Lucas, [
Moltz(?),
Jacob, no place, 1795 (806)
Monkhouse,
Thomas, Baltimore, 1795-1797 (808)
Montgomery,
Robert, [
Montullé(?),
J., Asylum, 1795-1796 (837)
Monument to American Revolution, Articles
of Subscription, Feb. 14, 1795 (printed letter) (852)
Moore, Eliza or Mrs. Joshua John Moore,
Pikeland, 1797 (875)
Moore, Hugh, [
Moore, James, [
Moore, John, [
More, Benjamin, [
Moreau de St. Mery & Co.,
Morey, Samuel, no place, 1794 (966)
Morgan and Price, [
Morgan, Benjamin R.,
Morgan, George, Prospect,
Morgan, Jacob,
Morhouse, Abraham, [
Morris, Benjamin, Esq.,
Morris, Cadwallader, [
Morris, Robert,
Morris, William W.,
Morrison, Anthony,
Morrison, John,
Morsell, James S.,
Mosley, Richard, Capt.,
Mott, Edward,
Moulder, William, Jr.,
(see also T. B. Freeman, Mic. 2712, frames 746-747)
Moultrie, Alexander,
Moylan, Jasper,
Moylan,
John, [
Mulhallon
and Ralston,
Mulliken,
Samuel, [
Mumford,
William,
Munroe,
Murphy,
John,
Musgrave,
Aaron,
Musser,
John, Huntington, 1793 (1298)
Myer,
Nagle,
Jacob, and Amos Evans, Commissioners Office,
Nancarrow,
John,
Napier,
Thomas, Canal, 1794 (1331)
Naylor,
George, [
Neale,
Leonard, [
Neill,
Isabella,
Neill,
Robert C.,
Nelson,
Abraham,
Nesbitt,
J. M. [John Maxwell], [
Newbold,
Charles, no place, 1794 (1379)
Newbold,
William and John,
Mic. 2714: General correspondence, from
Young to Zeigler (end of Nicholson correspondence); correspondence of T.B. Freeman & Co.;
correspondence of William Moulder, Jr.:
[note: this is roll 21 of the original set of
correspondence; number in parentheses is the number of the first frame on which
that person’s correspondence begins]
Nicholson correspondence:
Young
and Jenner, [
Young,
Abraham, no place, 1796 (3)
Young,
Charles,
Young,
Henry Y.,
Young,
James,
Young,
John,
Young,
Notly, [
Young,
Robert,
Young,
Samuel, Jr., [
Young,
William,
Youngberg,
John,
Zantzinger,
Paul,
Zeigler,
David,
Unidentified,
1782-1797, n.d. (290)
correspondence of T.B. Freeman &
Co.:
Annesley
& C., no.
Allison, Burgess, Bordentown, 1794
(340)
Dorsey, John, [
Freeman, Annesley & Co.,
Freeman, T. B.,
Potts, John,
Smith, Robert, [
Allison,
Burgess, Bordentown, 795 (359)
Annesley,
William(?), Bordentown, 1795, n.d. (361)
Bache,
Benjamin Franklin,
Bamfield,
J. T.,
Benson,
Peter, [
Bridgen,
Budden,
William S.(?),
Cabell,
T., no.
Clark,
Clarkson,
Matthew, [
Cowen,
William, [
Crawford,
William,
Cresson,
Thomas, [
Dewhurst,
J.(?), [
Dorsey,
John, [
Dunbar,
David, [
Finlay,
Mr., [
Forman,
T. M., Rose Hill, 1796 (469)
Galland,
John, [
Gary(?),
Gilbert,
Gobert,
Charles,
Graham,
George E.,
Grier,
James,
Harrison,
Hartung,
William, [
Hillegas,
Michael, [
Hilyard,
A.,
Jackson,
Eliza, Mrs., [
Johnson,
William, [
Keppele,
M. [Michael?],
Lewis,
R., Baltimore, 1795 (536)
Lynch,
James, [
Magoffin,
Joseph,
Mark,
P., and
Mather,
Ralph, [
McElwee,
John, [
McKean,
J.(?) B., [
McKean,
Robert, Mulberry
Mickle,
Robert,
Minshull,
Mix,
N. Farrand,
Morris,
Moulder,
William, Jr., [
Nicholson,
John,
Norris,
John, [
Parkyns(?),
George J.,
Parrish,
Charles,
Parry,
John J., [
Pasfield
& Co., [
Phillips,
Pole,
Edward,
Poyntell,
William,
Prentiss,
William, [
Reed,
Joseph,
Richards,
John, [
Shallus,
J., [
Shannon,
William,
Smith,
James & Co.,
Waterman, Thomas,
Wayne, Mrs., [
Wells, William Hill, Dagsborough, 1795 (701)
Wilcocks, James, [
Zane and Chapman,
Correspondence of William Moulder, Jr.,
1794-1800 (attorney for John Nicholson):
Ball,
Joseph,
Barnett,
Mr., [
Bedwell,
Thomas, no place, 1796 (721)
Biddle,
Clement,
Biddle,
William Mark, [
Billington,
Thomas, [
Brown,
Andrew, [
Craig,
William,
Cramond,
James,
Dubois,
A. [Abraham], no place, 1797 (733)
Eichbaum,
William,
Forest(?),
Thomas,
Jarvis,
James, [
Joubert,
Thomas, [
Milnor,
Joseph H., [
Mix,
N. Farrand,
Oliphant,
Mr. [
Rawle,
William, [
Reid
and Bayne, [
Robinson,
E. [Edward],
Shallus,
Francis, [
Taylor,
Charles, [
Thomas,
Joseph, [
Thompson,
Thomas, [
Webb,
Bernard, [
Woodward,
William W., [