PC Title Page
Peggey
Clayton
her
book
March
11, 1776
Transcribed in 2015 by Chris Brown, Marietta, GA
Please note that
this is a “best efforts” transcription,
but there could
be inadvertent errors.
PC Page 1
Numeration.
Artwork:
A
flag inscribed “Liberty” is incorporated into the “N” of “Numeration”
The
lettering of the title is in calligraphy and is highly decorated with flowers
and leaves, with flourishes above and decorative underlining.
Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page and are left and right of the Table.
There
is no border to this page.
Text:
Numeration
teaches to read or write any sum or number proposed or known._________
THE
TABLE
(A table of figures ranging from hundreds of
millions to units)
987654321
98765432
9876543
987654
98765
9876
987
98
9
March
12
Miss 1776
Peggey
Clayton’s book
PC Page 2
Page 2 (reverse of page 1) is blank
PC Page 3
Addition of whole numbers.
Artwork
:
The
title is printed in caps and lower case letters, with flowers above and below.
To
the left of the title is a drawing of a ship labeled “The Columbus”
To
its right is a flag inscribed “THE 13 UNITED PROVINCES of America”
In
the canton of the flag is “Death or Liberty”
To
the right of the title is a drawing of a ship labeled “The Cabot”
A
large “PC” is at the bottom right.
Text:
Addition
is putting together two or more numbers or sums, so as their total value may be
discovered or known.
Yards Gallons Pounds Barrels
38456 483649 7654321 875634123
67384 708542 1234567 284310760
74685 284763 7898741 743284321
30847 618432 3068452 618476942
54365 375847 7184768 403284321
78329 612935 9231387 168196192
344066 3084168
36272236 3093786659
This
is followed by four more columns of eight numbers for addition, labeled with
the same measures.
PC Page 4
Questions to exercise Addition.
The
title is in caps and lower case script, with the “Q” decorated.
Flowers
decorate the bottom of the page. There
is no border.
Four
examples follow:
Between
London and Royston are 33 miles; from thence to Cambridge 10; thence to
New-Market 10; thence to Bury 10; thence to Thetford 10; thence to Attleborough 10; & from thence to Norwich 12
miles. I Demand how many miles there are
between London and Norwich? Answer 95
Miles.
Suppose
a farmer kills 8 hogs weighing as follows, viz:
400, 95,
244, 200, 86, 133, 110,
300
How
many pounds did they all weigh? Answer 1568
lbs.
Suppose
I sell Corn to the following Persons:
Bushels
To
William Want 8 ½
Samuel Surepay 6
Thomas Tub 3 The
Quire is how many Peter
Piggin ½ Bushels
I have sold in all?
Philip Pail 1 ½
Benj’n Bagg 3
½
Willis Wallet 1
Humphrey House 24
Benjamin Barn 87
Charles Cribb 32
Answer 167
Bushels
The
Ship Leopard from the East Indies with the following Cargo, viz:
In
Diamonds £36842 Callicoes 9832
Chintz 11896 Pepper 8326
Muzlins 8128 Other
Spices 6832
The
Amount of sd. Cargo is--- £81856
PC Page 5
Addition of Money.
Artwork:
“March
15th day 1776” is incorporated into “M” of “Money”
The
title is in script with a flower for the period following “Money”
Large
flourishes decorate the page in various places.
Text:
Note
that 4 farthings make 1 Penny, 12 Pence 1 Shilling, and 20 Shillings 1 Pound.
A
Table of Pence
A
table of 20 to 120 pence converted to shillings and pence
A
Table of Shillings
A
table of 20 to 120 Shillings converted to pounds and shillings
Three
columns of Pounds, Shillings and Pence to be added, with answers
£ s d
7632..13..10
¾ Two other
examples.
2375.. 8.. 6
½
6189..14..11
¾
3728.. 9 .. 4 ½
1674..17.. 2 ½
8137.. 8..11 ½
29738..12..10
¾ 7774..17..7 ¼ 342..12..4 ¾
PC Page 6
Addition of Money, continued.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with an elaborate “A,” and it has flourishes above it and
decorative underlining below.
There
is a triple line border around the examples but not around the page.
Five
more columns of Pounds, Shillings, and Pence to be added, with answers.
Top
3 examples with 6 numbers; bottom 2 examples with 10 numbers.
Answers: 27939..16 335940..13..10 1021..2..3
49979..16 1772..0..5
¾
In
the center of the page:
The
Form of a Bill of Parcels
Windsor,
March 15, 1776
Mr.
A. B. Bought Miss C. D. & Comp’y
7
yds Linen @ 4s £1.8
3
Gall. W. I. Rum 8/ £1.4
2
yds B’d Cloth 35/ £3.10
6
Quires Paper 2/8 .16
2
Papers Pins ¾ .6.8
6
lbs. Powder 4/6 £1.7
1
Saddle & Bridle 90/ £4.10
1
Penknife 2/4 .2.4
½
yd Cambrick 18/ .9
£13.13
Errors
Excepted
per
C. D. & Comp’y
PC Page 7
Substraction.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with flowers and leaves above it. Flourishes cross the bottom of the page.
Text:
Substraction
is the taking a lesser sum or number out of a greater, thereby to find the
remainder.
Three
columns of 6 subtraction examples, with answers and proofs by addition.
Answers: 4569304 46154198 273645547 95760406
3813593 8460602 464640658 224766258
2676861 2716691 9399103
1755476 18639892 516154763
5650787 20918525 19377809
4365278 11585315 20558882
One
column of 2 subtraction examples, followed by 4 more using historical events
whose dates are subtracted from the current year of 1776, such as
From 1776 the present year
Take 1588 the Spanish Invasion
Remains 188 years
since
Each with Proof 1776 the
present year
From 1776 the present year
Take 1605 the Gunpowder treason
Remains 171 years
since
From 1776 the present year
Take 1666 the Fire of London
Remains 110 years
since
From 1776 the present year
Take 1755 Earthquake at Lisbon
Remains 21 years since
PC Page 8
Substraction
of Money.
Artwork:
The
title is in caps and lower case and small in size. It is enclosed in a rectangle border with
leaves and flowers.
There
is a three line border at the bottom of the page.
Text:
Ten
examples of subtraction of Pounds, Shillings, and Pence
Answers: £2538..16..4 ¾ £157..3..7
£1562..15..4 ½ £224..15..7
£4278..14..4 ½ £137..0..10
£ 350..17..8 ½ £217..13..11
£1241..13..9
£2438..15..5 ¾
Four
examples of money borrowed and partially repaid, in Pounds, Shillings, and
Pence
Borrowed £984..12..6 ½
Paid 869..16..11 ¾
Rem.
Due £114..16..6 ¾
One
Example of a large sum borrowed and several partial payments made, with a sum
of the payments made and the remainder due.
Borrowed £684..17..10
(
125 10..
0
(
72..17.. 6
Paid
at times ( 80.. 0
.. 0
(120..12..
8
(
68.. 3..11
Paid
in all £467.. 4.. 1
Remains
due £217..13.. 9
Proof
£684..17..10
PC Page 9
Multiplication.
Artwork:
The
title is in calligraphic script and is highly decorated with vines, leaves, and
flowers.
An ornate “Peggey Clayton” is at the bottom of
the page.
This
page has a plain shaded border.
(A
table with numbers 1 to 12 across the top and 1 to 12 down the left side,
forming
the product of the corresponding numbers when they are multiplied)
THE
TABLE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144
An
ornate “PEGGEY
Clayton” is inscribed at the bottom of the page
PC Page 10
Page 10 (reverse of Page 9) is blank
PC Page 11
Multiplication.
Artwork:
To
the left of the title is a drawing of a two-masted ship “The Schooner Peggey”
To
the right of the title is a drawing of a three story house with two chimneys
·
Windows are 2 on bottom floor, 3 on
second, 1 on third; roof is pointed
·
Smoke comes from the right chimney
·
A large tree is to the left of the house
Extending
from the “l” in “Multiplication” is a flag.
The title, which is printed in caps and lower case, is surrounded by
flowers, leaves, and vines. Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page.
The
work has a double line border.
There
follow 13 examples of multiplication, starting with 5 digit multiplicands and multipliers
of 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. The script varies in
style among the examples, a penmanship sample.
Multiplicand 87492 260453 913684 8473695
Multiplier 2 3 4 5
Product 174984 781359 3654736 42368475
Followed
by 10 and 12 digit multiplicands multiplied by 11 and 12
Multiplicand 9486531274
Multiplier 11
Product 104351844014
Followed
by examples with multipliers of 3 digits
Multiplicand 682 597 4698
Multiplier 95 38 372 (work
not copied)
Product 64790 22686 1747656
PC Page 12
Multiplication.
Artwork
A
small house is located just to the left of the letter “M” in Multiplication
Flourishes,
flowers, and vines surround the title; the title has decorative underlining.
At
the bottom the letters ABCDEFG are drawn in ornate script
Six
examples with progressively larger numbers for both multiplicands and multipliers
Multiplicand 56347 The Proof by the Cross
\ 2 /
Multiplier 6749 7
\/ 8
Product
380285903 /2\
(Note)
The
book does not explain what the “Proof by
the Cross” is, but it is given for each example. The top and bottom numbers are equal to each
other in every instance. The left and
right numbers may or may not be the same.
Multiplicand 98760
6
Multiplier 3890 3 )
( 2
Product 384176400 6
April
3, 1776
PC Page 13
Multiplication of Money
Artwork:
April
2, 1776
The
head of a man smoking a pipe appears to the left of “Money” A heart colored
light blue.
Flowers
and flourishes surround the title, and there is decorative overlining
above the first two words. There is a 3
line border at the bottom of this page.
Text:
Multiplication
of Money hath great affinity with Addition of Money the same method being taken
in carrying from one denomination to the next, viz,
from farthings to pence, from pence to shillings, from shillings to pounds
& as in Addition & other Multiplications you begin at the right hand
and proceed towards the left so here you begin at the least denomination which
is also at the right hand. This method
of accompting (sic)is the most apt and expeditious of
all others for small quantities and therefore extreemly
(sic) necessary in making bills of
Parcels &c, and is beyond all contradiction as sure and certain as any way
whatsoever.
The General Rule,
Is
always to multiply the Price by the Quantity.
The first step of advance is from 2 to 12 & this is done by one
multiplier as in the Following Examples.
What
comes 2 yards of Broadcloth to, at £2.17s.8d?
Answer £5.15s.4d
What
comes 3 lbs. of Chocolate to, at 2s.2 ½d?
Answer 6s.71/2d
What
comes 4 yards of Linen to, at 4s.6 1/2d?
Answer 18s.2d
What
Comes 5 Bushels of Pease to, at 3s.4d?
Answer 16s.8d
What
comes 6 lbs. of loaf sugar to, at 1s.10 ¼d?
Answer 11s.1 ½d
What
comes 7 Barrels of Pork to, at 3s.10d?
Answer £2.4s.10d
What
comes 8 yards of Ribband to, at 2s.8 ½d? Answer £1.1s.4d
What
comes 9 lbs. of Powder to, at 3s.6d?
Answer £1.11s.6d
What
comes 10 bushels of Salt to, at 4s.10d?
Answer £2.8s.4d
What
comes 11 Gall. Of Wine to, at 10s.6d?
Answer £5.15s.6d
What
comes 12 Galls. of Brandy to, at 6s.8d?
Answer £4.0s.0d
What
comes 12 Gall. Of West India Rum to, at 8s.8d?
Answer 5.4s.0d
PC Page 14
Multiplication of money.
Artwork:
The
title is in caps and lower case script.
Flourishes underline the title.
There
is a 2 line border at the bottom of this page.
Text:
The
next degree or step of advance in this way of reckoning is of quantities
exceeding 12 even to 12 times 12 or 144; in all examples under this head we are
to pitch on two numbers for multipliers in the table; which multiplied together
make the quantity proposed; and then we are to multiply the price by one of the
numbers (it matters not by which first) & then that product is to be
multiplied by the other number, & the second or last product is the Answer.
What
comes 18 yds. of Linen to, at 4s.6 ½d?
First
multiply by 3 and then the product by 6.
Answer £4.1s.9d
What
Comes 24 lbs. of Raisins to, at .8 ½d?
First
multiply by 4 and then the product by 6.
Answer 17s.
What
Comes 30 lbs. of Coffee to, at 1s.8d?
Answer £2.10s.0d
What
Comes 12 Ells of Canvas to, at 3s.4d?
Answer £7.0s.0d
What
comes 55 Yards of Ribbands to, at 1s.6d? Ans. £.2s.6d
What
Comes 56 pair of Shoes to, at 12s.6d?
Ans. £35.0s.0d
What
Comes 64 lbs. of Hyson Tea to, at £1.12s.6d? Ans. £104.0s.0d
What
Comes 70 Yards of Cambrick to, at £1.1.s4d? Ans. £74.18s.4d
PC Page 15
Multiplication of Money.
Artwork:
The
title is written in calligraphic caps and lower case printing. A few flowers decorate the title area. A double line border is at the top and
bottom.
Text:
What
comes 84 yards of Hollond to at 10s.6d? Answer
£44.2s.0d
What
comes 90 Bushels of Pease to at 3s.4d per?
Ans. £15.0s.0d
What
comes 96 Gallons of Brandy to at 6s.8d?
Ans. £32.0s.0d
What
comes 100 pair of Stockings to at 9s.4d?
Ans. £46.13s.4d
What
comes 108 pounds of Bohea Tea to at 6s.8d? Ans. £36.0s.0d
What
comes 110 lbs. of loaf sugar to, at 1s.10 1/2d per? Ans. £10.6s.3d
What
comes 121 Gall’s of Molasses to at 2s.6d?
Ans. £15.2s.6d
What
comes 132 pair of Buckles to at 2s.4d?
Ans. £15.8s.0d
What
comes 144 Gall’s of Wine to at 12s.6d?
Ans. £90.0s.0d
What
comes 120 lbs. of brown Sugar to @ 10s?
Ans. £5.0s.0d
What
comes 144 Ells of Hollond to at 6s.11d? Ans. £49.16s.0d
What
comes 144 yards of Calamanco to @ 5s.6d?
Ans. £39.12s.0d
PC Page 16
Multiplication
of Money.
Artwork:
The
title is written in leftward leaning script, with a few flowers and leaves
surrounding it.
Decorative
flourishes cross the bottom of the page.
This
page has no border.
Text:
The next gradation of advance is of irregular
quantities, or of numbers that are not to be answered precisely at two
multiplications; in this case there ariseth no
increase of difficulty but it is as easy as the examples foregoing; only here
you will have a line more occasioned by the multiplying the price by what is
objective or wanting, to make up the proposed quantity complete, as it may be
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 &c, as may be seen in the Following Examples.
What comes 17 Gallons if Cyder
to, at 1s.2d per? Answer 19s.10d
What comes 38 Barrels of Pitch to, at 8s.4d per? Ans.
£15.16s.8d
What comes 59 Barrels of Pork to, at £3.10s per? Ans.
£206.10s
What comes 26 Barrels of Tar to, at 7s.6d per? Ans. £9.15s.0d
What comes 47 Barrels of Corn to, at 13s.4d per? Ans. £31.6s.8d
What comes 69 Gall’s of Cyder
to, at 1s.1d per? Ans. £3.14s.9d
PC Page 17
Multiplication of Money.
Artwork:
Left
of the title is a drawing of a 3 story house with chimneys on both sides,
labeled “Domus”
Right
of title is a drawing of a ship labeled “The WILKS, Privateer”
Multiplication
is in caps while “of” is printed and “Money” is in script. A few flowers are present.
At
the bottom of the page is “L or D” (Liberty or Death) with the “or” inside a
heart.
This
page has a shaded border.
Text/Examples:
What
comes 79 lbs. of Candles to, at 1s.4d? Ans. £5s.5s.4d
What
comes 94 Bbls. of Turpentine to, at 13s.4d? Answer
£63.13s.4d
What
comes 138 Bush’ls of Potatoes to, at 1s.8d? Ans. £11.10s.0d
What comes 83 pounds of Snuff to, at 10 ¾d? Ans. £3.14s.4 ¼d
What comes 105 Bbls. of
Beef to, at £2.10s per? Ans. £262.10s.0d
What comes 156 Bushels of Wheat to, at 4s.9d? Answer
£37.1s.0d
PC Page 18
Multiplication of Money.
Artwork:
The
title is in decorative script surrounded by flourishes.
Flourishes
are at the page bottom. The page is
dated April 16, 1776.
There
is no border to this page.
Text:
If
there be any fractional part annexed to the given number of yards, gallons,
pounds, &c as ¼, ½, or ¾; if ¼ take a fourth of the price of 1 yard &c
– if ½ take half, but if ¾ first take ½ the price of 1 yard &c, & then half that half and add both together will give the
value of ¾.
What Comes 6 ¼
Yards of Lawn to, at 10s 8d? Ans. £5.16s.8d
What Comes 8 ½
Yards of Linen to, at 4s 91/2d?
Ans. £2.0s.8 3/4 d
What Comes 9 3/4 Gall. of W. I. Rum to, @ 8s 4d?
Ans. £4.1s.3d
What comes 12 ¼ Yards of Hollond
to @ 9s 8d? Ans. £5.18s.5d
What Comes 16 ½ Gall of N. E. Rum to, at 5s 4d? Ans.
£4.8s.0d
What Comes 36 ½ lbs. of Chocolate to, at 2s 8d? Ans.
£4.17s.4d
Thursday
Evening
the
10th of
April
1776
PC Page 19
Cross
Multiplication
Artwork:
Carolina
(contained in capital “C” of “Cross”
Two
small houses and a ship within the “C” of “Cross”
L
or D (Liberty or Death) contained in drawing of flag
A
26 stripe flag labeled “The American Standard”
In
Liberty’s glorious cause Montgomery (in capital “M” of “Multiplication”) fell
at Quebec 1775
Flowers
and leaves are incorporated into the title.
In
the title “-tion” is interlined above because the
lettering was too wide for the page.
Text:
Cross
Multiplication is the multiplying Feet and Inches together, without reducing
them into Inches, and this is useful in measuring all kinds of Superficies and
Solids, as plank, flooring, plastering, glass, timber, stone &c.
Rule
Feet multiplied by feet gives square feet, feet by
inches or inches by feet the twelfth part of a foot, & inches by inches the
twelfth part of an inch.
Suppose a Plank be 17 feet 6 inches long and 1 foot
8 inches wide; how many square feet doth it contain? Answer 29 feet 2 inches
Admit a Table to be 12 feet 4 inches long & 3
feet 11 inches wide; how many square Feet doth it contain? Answer 48
- 3 - 8
parts
In 6 Planks each 14 feet 10 inches long & 1 foot
7 inches wide; how many Sq. Feet?
Answer 140 - 11
In 12 Planks each 16 feet 9 inches long & 1 foot
6 inches wide, how many Square feet?
Answer 301 - 6
PC Page 20
Cross
Multiplication.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script with the C and M decorated.
Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page.
There
is no border for this page.
Text:
In 36 Planks each 18 feet 9 inches long and 1 Foot 3
inches wide, how many Square Feet?
Answer 843 - 9
In 84 Planks each 19 feet 4 inches long and 1 foot 4
inches wide, how many Square Feet?
Answer 2165 - 4
In 50 planks each 18 feet 10 inches long and 6
inches and ½ wide, how many Square Feet?
Answer 510 - 10
In 100 planks each
16 feet 3 inches long and 1 foot 9 inches wide, how many Square Feet? Answer
2843 - 9
PC Page 21
Cross
Multiplication.
Artwork:
“Cambridge,
the head Quarters of the American Army” incorporated into the “C” in “Cross”
The
title is in script with the C and M decorated.
“-tion” in interlined above because of faulty
space planning.
There
is a shaded border at the top and a four line border at the bottom.
Text:
In
156 Planks each 16 feet 3 inches long & 1 Foot 9 inches wide, how many sq.
feet? Answer 4436 -
3
Admit
a piece of Timber to be 19 feet 4 inches long 3 feet 6 inches wide, & 1
foot 3 inches deep I demand the content in square feet. Ans.
84 - 7
Multiply 2s.6d by 2s.6d Answer 6s.3d
Multiply 8s.3d by 1s.4d Answer
11s.0d
PC Page 22
Cross
Multiplication.
Artwork:
The
Gallant Colonel Caswell (contained in the capital “C” of “Cross”) defeated the
Sordid Tories in North Carolina 1776
General
McLeod a noted Tory was kill’d by Colonel Caswell’s
Soldiers (a just reward for such a pirate) & Brigadier General McDonald
taken Prisoner
Tom
Mcnight Thro’ Cowardice stays close under the
Protection of the English men of war O
the Tory the Tory
The
title is in elaborate script with the C and M highly decorated.
Flourished
cross the bottom of the page.
April
the 17th 1776
Text:
In
144 Planks each 14 feet 8 inches long, & 1 foot 3 inches wide: how many
Square Feet? Answer 2640 feet
In
155 Planks each 19 feet 10 inches wide; how many Square Feet?
Answer 4355
- 10
Multiply 1s.8d by 1s.3d Answer 2s.1d
Multiply 4 Sh. 3D by 2Sh. 8 D Answer
11s.4d
PC Page 23
DIVISION.
Artwork:
In
utter detestation Let the wicked Tyrant Dunmore’s Name be handed down to the
latest posterity by every well wisher to Liberty
(contained in the capital “D” of “Division).
Norfolk
in Virginia (contained in the capital “V” in “Division”) burnt by the grand
negro chief Dunmore 1776
The
valiant Soldiers (contained in the capital “S” of “Division”) of America
O
(contained in the capital “O” of “Division”) let us praise the LORD for it is
He that fights for us.
The
title is in all caps with each letter decorated differently. Flowers add to the title decoration.
A
shaded border surrounds the work
Text:
Division
teacheth to divide any given sum or number into as
many equal parts as you please, or it shews how often or how many times a
lesser number is contained in a greater…
This
Rule is comprehended under three certain branches, & one uncertain, viz:
1. The Dividend, or number given to be divided.
2. The Divisor, or number given to divide by.
3. The Quotient, or number of equal parts
shewing how often the Divisor is contain’d in the Dividend.
4. The Remainder, after the work is ended which
is always of the same name or quality with the Dividend,
and must be less than the Divisor, if the work be right, and this is the uncertain branch,
because there is sometimes a Remainder & sometimes not.
12
examples of division follow, with divisors progressing from 2 to 12.
Divisor Dividend Rem.
2
) 3406947 ( 1
1703473 Quotient
PC Page 24
Division.
Artwork:
A
striped flag and a flower are incorporated into the “D” in “Division.”
The
title is in script with little decoration.
Two flourishes are at the page bottom.
There
is no border to this page.
Page
is dated Thursday, Ap’l 18, 1776
Text:
4
increasingly difficult division problems, with work fully shown
68468492
/ 38 Quotient
1801802, remainder 16
684763456
/ 487 Quotient 1406085, remainder 61
90824365
/ 87 Quotient 1043958, remainder 19
928123456
/ 876 Quotient 1059501, rem. 580
PC Page 25
Division.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with a highly decorated “D,” with flowers, flourishes and
decorative underlining. Flourishes cross
the bottom of the page.
This
page has no border.
Text:
4
examples of Division problems
1849618947298
/ 3609 Quotient 512501786, remainder 1624
63816844
/ 63200 Quotient 1009, remainder 48044
993087563412
/ 9681 Quotient
102581093, remainder 2079
116126926
/ 12340 Quotient 9410, remainder 7526
Each with proof by addition
PC Page 26
Division of Money.
Artwork:
The
title is in script and is underlined.
Flourished cross the bottom of the page.
This
page has no border.
Examples:
If
6 Gallons of Molasses cost 16s.6d, what is that per Gallon? Answer 2s.9d
Divide
1s equally among 5 men. Answer 2 ¼d
If
16 Barrels of Corn cost £10.13s.4d what is that per Barrel? Answer
13s.4d
If
108 Yards of Linen cost £24. 6s what is that per Yard? Answer 4s.6d
Divide
£7333.11s.3d equally among 110 Men. Answer
£66.13s.4 ½d
If
12 Gallons of Alicant Wine cost £3.12s, what’s the
price of 1 Gallon? Ans.
6s
Divide
£6.10s.6d equally among 7 men. Answer
12s.7 ½d
If
100 Barrels of Pitch cost £40, what is that per Barrel? Answer 8s
If
144 lbs. of Bacon Comes to £3.12s, what is that per lb.? Answer 6d per lb.
Divide
£1000 equally between 144 men. Answer £6.18s.10 ½d
PC Page 27
Reduction.
Artwork:
A
drawing of The Brig Charming Peggey is incorporated into “R” of “Reduction”
The
title is in highly decorated printing, with the R especially ornate. This style is used for R’s and P’s in other
parts of the book.
Decorative
overlining and underlining is present.
Flourishes
flank the text.
There
is no border for this page.
Text:
Reduction
is an application of Multiplication and Division shewing how to reduce Numbers
of one Denomination to another thereby discovering the same value tho’ in
different Terms.
1st. All great Names are brought into small by
Multiplication
2d All small Names are brought into greater
by Division
The
sense meaning & use of Reduction is expressed in the Following Verses:
Reduction shews how we of Name in
use;
May great to small and small to
great reduce;
So that the Answer which shall
thence arise;
The given sum in value equalize;
Multiply or Divide it back you must;
Which makes again your given Number
just.
In
£72 how many farthings? Answer 69120 farthings
In
69120 farthings how many Pounds? Answer 72 £
In
312.17.9 how many half-pence? Answer 150106
In
150106 half-pence, how many £ &c? Answer £312.17s.9d
PC Page 28
Artwork:
This
page has no title and is a continuation of Reduction.
There
is no decoration. A double line is the
bottom border.
Text:
In
£234.10s.d8 how many pieces of 4d, 6d, 8d, & 10d of each an equal number?
Answer 2014 pieces of each &
4d left.
In
40 Groats & 90 Pence and Pounds in number ten,
The
pence & farthings there contained I ask it from thy Pen?
40 Groats
each 4d 0..13..4
90 pence 0..
7..6
Pounds 10.. 0..0
11..
0.10 x 20 x 12
Answer 2650 Pence and 10600 Farthings
If
I had Nobles 30 Score and marks just 32,
In
part of Thirteen Hundred Pounds,
What
money rests still due?
(a
Noble 6s/8d; a mark 13s/4d)
Answer £1078.13s.4d
In
1984 Dollars each 4/6 Sterling I demand how many Guineas each 21/4?
Answer 425 Guineas & 3/ remaining
=
signifies equal to
PC Page 29
Reduction of Troy Weight.
Artwork:
The
title in in caps and lower case script, with ornate capitals.
A
shaded top border is the only border. A
triple line border separates the Note from the examples.
Text:
Note
that 24 Grains make 1 pennywt, 20 pennywts
1 ounce, & 12 oz. 1 pound troy
In
287 lbs. , 11 oz., 13 pwt., 19 Grains, how many Grains?
Answer 1658731 Grains
In
1658731 Grains, how many lbs., oz., pwts., &
Grains?
Ans. 287.11.13.19
A
Gentleman sent to a Silversmith 16 ingots of silver each wt. 2lb. 6 oz., and
ordered it to be made into bowls of 2 lbs. 2 oz. each, Tankards of 2 lbs. each,
Spoons of 8 oz. 10 pwt. each; I demand how many of each sort it made?
Answer 8 of each sort and 240 pennywt rem’g.
In
487 lbs. 3 ½ oz. Silver, how many Silver snuff boxes each weighing 3 oz ½ may be made?
Answer 1670 Snuff boxes & 2 ½ oz. Rem’g.
This
page has a section that says Hundreds Qrs
& lbs.
(Mistake)
But
gives no hint of what the mistake is.
PC Page 30
Reduction
of Avoirdupoise Wt.
Artwork:
The
title is in script and is decorated with flourishes.
This
page has no borders.
Text:
Note that 16 drams make 1 ounce; 16 oz. 1 pound; 28
lbs. 1 quarter of a hundwt.; 4 qtrs
1 Cwt.; & 20 Cwt 1 Tun.
In
483 Tuns, 14 Cwt., 2 qtrs., 26 lbs., 14 oz., 15
drams, how many Drams?
x
20 for hundreds, x 4 for Quarters, x28 for pounds, x16 for ounces, x 16 for
drams
Answer 277394159 Drams
In
277394159 Drams, how many Tuns, Cwt., Qtrs., lbs.,
oz., & Drams?
Answer 483 Tuns,
14 Cwt., 2 qtr., 26 lbs., 14 oz., 15 drams.
Hundreds,
Quarters, & Pounds may be reduced into pounds thus, viz:
32Tuns,
2 qtrs., 14 lbs. = 3654 lbs.
PC Page 31
Reduction of Liquid Meas’r.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with an elaborate R and flourishes above.
There
is no border to this page.
Text:
In
36 Hhead 18 Gall. of Wine, how many Pints?
63
Gallons = 1 Hogshead 8
pints = 1 Gallon
36 x 63 = 2268 x 8 = 18144; 18 x 8 =
144
Ans. 18288 Pints
In
18288 Pints of Wine how many Hheads & Gallons?
Answer
36 Hhead 18 Gallons
In
30 barrels of good beer,
By
People called stout,
How
many Quarts may thence be drawn,
Before
that they are out?
36
Gallons in 1 Barrel 4 Quarts in 1 Gallon
Ans. 4320 Quarts
In
432 Quarts of Beer, how many barrels?
Ans. 30 Barrels
In
487 Hhead, 47 Gallons of Ale I Demand how many half
pints?
48
Gallons in 1 Hhead 8 Pints in 1 Gallon 2 half Pints in 1 Pint
Answer 374768 half Pints
In
3748768 half pints, how many Hogsheads and Gallons?
Answer 487 Hhead 47 Gallons
PC Page 32
Reduction
of Liquid Meas’r.
Artwork:
The
title is in script similar to page 31, with elaborated capital letters.
Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page.
Text:
In
20 Butts & 40 Pipes
And
30 Tuns of Wine;
How
many Hogsheads do they make,
Admit
they came from Rhine?
20 Butts + 40 Pipes = 60 Butts or Pipes 4
Hhds in 1 Tun
126 gallons in 1 Pipe or Butt 30 Tuns = 120 Hhds
7560 gallons in 60 Butts or Pipes 63 gallons per Hhd
120
Hhds = 7560 gals
7560 + 7560 = 15120 / 63 = 240
Answer 240 Hheads
In
483 Tuns, 3 Hhds., 2
Gallons, 7 Pints of Wine, I demand how many Pints?
Answer 975263 Pints
In
86 Puncheons of Wine, how many half Pints?
Ans.
115584 half Pints
In
115584 half Pints of Wine, how many Puncheons?
Answer 86 Puncheons
In
975263 Pints of Wine how many Tuns, Hhds., Gals. & Pints?
Ans. 483 Tuns, 3Hhds., 2
Gals., 7 Pints
PC Page 33
Reduction of Cloth Meas’r.
Artwork:
The
title is in script similar to the previous 2 pages.
The
page has a triple line border at the bottom.
Text:
5
Quarters = 1 Ell English (Note: Quarter refers to a quarter of a
yard)
3
Quarters = 1 Ell Flemish
6
Qrs = 1 French
Ell
In
379 Yards, 2 Qrs, 3 Nails, how many Nails?
Ans.
6075 Nails
In
46075 Nails, how many Yds., Qrs., & Nails?
Ans. 379.2.3
In
50 score of Flemish Ells
How
many Ells of French,
Twas
given by a Prodigal,
Unto
a Saucy wench?
Answer 500 French Ells
In
500 French Ells, how many Ells Flemish?
Answer 1000 Ells Flemish
In
487 Ells English, how many French Ells?
Ans.
405 5qr
In
405 French Ells 5 Qrs, how many Ells English?
Ans.
487 Ells English
In
308 Flemish Ells, how many Ells English?
Ans. 184 Ells English 11 Quarters
In
184 Ells English 2 Qrs, how many Ells Flemish?
Ans.
308 Ells Flemish
PC Page 34
Reduction of Long
Measure
Artwork:
The
title reflects a planning fault. It is
in script similar to the preceding several pages.
This
page has no border.
Text:
The
Circumference of the Earth is divided into 360 Degrees & each degree upon
the Superficies of the Earth is 60 miles, I demand how many Miles, Furlongs,
Poles, Yards, Feet, Inches, and Barley Corns will reach round the whole world?
Note
that 3 barley corns make 1 inch, 12 Inches 1 Foot, 3 Feet 1 Yard, 5 ½ Yards or
11 half Yards 1 Pole perch or Rod, 40 Rods 1 Furlong, 8 Furlongs 1 Mile, 60
Miles 1 Degree, & 360 Degrees the Circumference of the Earth and Sea called
the Terrestrial Globe. N. B. From the
Latin words Terra Land & Aqua water, the earth is called the Terrestrial
Globe.
Answer
21600 miles, 172800 Furlongs,
6912000 Poles, 76032000 half Yards, 38016000 Yards, 114048000 Feet, 1368576000
inches, 4105728000 barley corns.
In
4105728000 Barley (corns), I demand how
many Degrees?
Answer
360 Degrees
In
47 Degrees, 16 Leagues, 2 Miles, I demand how many Miles?
47 Degrees. 16 Leagues.
2 Miles
20
956 Leagues
3
Ans’r 2870 miles
May 9, 1776
PC Page 35
Reduction of TIME
Artwork:
The
title, which is part script and part all caps, is enhanced with many
flowers.
A
plain shaded border, similar to those in E. Ryan’s book, surrounds the page.
This
page is dated May 10, 1776
Text:
I Desire to know how many minutes since the
birth of our Savior Jesus Christ it being reckon’d
1775 years since & 4 months & 16 days, allowing 365 Days & 6 Hours
to the year?
May
10, 1776
1775
x 365 = 647875 days + 137 days thus far in 1776 = 648012 days
648012
x 24 = 15552288 + 10650 for 6 hours per year = 15562938 hours
15562938
x 60 = 933776280
Ans. 933776280 minutes
In
933776280 Minutes, how Many years?
(process performed in reverse by
division)
Ans.
1775 Years, 137 Days
PC Page 36
Artwork:
A
large drawing of the Brig Two Sisters, Capt. Isaac Smith
A
large drawing of the Brig dismasted and sinking below the surface of the water
A
plan shaded border surrounds this page.
Text:
They
that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters
These
are the works of the Lord, and his wonders in the deep. Psalm 107. 23 & 24.
Oh
that men would praise the Lord for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to
the children of men.
The
Brig Two Sisters, Cap’t. Isaac Smith,
Sail’d
from Ferryland in Newfoundland, bound to Boston in
New England.
But
meeting with a violent gale of wind was cast away;
The
vessel entirely lost but by God’s mercy the people saved.
The
raging waves swell’d mountains high
The
danger great & death seemed nigh
But
God in mercy heard us plead
And
succor sent in time of need.
Ah!
Hapless Brig, what now avails?
Thy
tow’ring masts, thy lofty sails; The sand became thy
fatal tomb;
But
buries no one in thy womb.
I.
S. G. Seaman
On
board s’d Brig
Cast
away Oct. 1767
PC Page 37
The Golden Rule or Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
·
Small drawing of the Sloop Peggy (sic)
Clayton in the “R” of “Rule”
·
At the bottom left, a flag with 13
colored stripes and a shaded “X” in the canton with the inscription “Liberty or
Death”
·
A drawing of a 2 story house with 3
windows on the second story, and 2 chimneys with smoke rising from each.
Highly
decorative treatment of the title, covering the entire page
Parts
are in all caps, parts are in calligraphic script, flowers abound.
The
border is shaded and double width at the top and triple width on the other 3
sides.
THE
GOLDEN
Rule
or
Rule
of
THREE
Direct
PC Page 38
Artwork:
·
A large detailed drawing of the frigate
Liberty flying the flag with 7 colored stripes (13 total) and “x” in the canton
·
The legend “Liberty or Death” appears to
the left and right of the ship
·
The page is dated May the 21st,
1776
·
There is no border on this page.
The Liberty frigate 22
guns & 150 men
1. Our ship is call’d
the Liberty
She sails in search of those
Who dare the rights & property
Of Freemen to oppose.
2. We’ll make our enemies to know Note
that this stanza
Of them we’re not afraid is identical to one in
Our sails shall spread to cruise the
Seas Martha
Ryan’s book
And to protect our trade. Page
39 in a different
poem.
3. Rouse up, rouse up you jolly tars
Who scorn the name of slaves
And never let it once be thought
That freemen will be slaves.
4. It’s for our wives & children
Likewise our property
That we will fight with all our
might
Huzza for Liberty.
5. A Health to every loyal whig
Who freedom will defend
I hope in time they all will see
Despotic laws will end.
6. Defeats to those who do oppose
Our noble Liberty
And let such know our song we close
Success to Liberty. Finis
PC Page 39
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork: The title is in caps and lower case
script. A shaded border is at the top of
the page.
Text:
It
is called the Golden Rule from its excellent Performance in Arithmetic and in
other parts of Mathematical Learning.
And
it is called the Rule of Three because from three Numbers given proposed or
known We find out a fourth Number required or unknown Which bears such
proportion to the third as the second Doth to the first Number from Whence also
it is called the Rule of Proportion.
And of this Proportion there are two
Sorts one called Direct & the other indirect or reverse.
Direct
proportion is when the Second and third numbers are to be multiplied together
and their product divided by the first.
Indirect
or Reverse proportion is when the first and second numbers are to be multiplied
together and their product divided by the third. In direct proportion the fourth number or
Answer to the question contains the third number as often (or as many times) as
the second contains the first. But in
indirect proportion the greater the third number is the less is the fourth, and
the lesser the third number is the greater is the fourth.
The Stating the Question
The
chiefest difficulty that occurs in the Rule of three
is the right placing the number or stating the question: For when that is done, you have nothing more
to do, but to multiply & divide, and the work is done. And to this end, We are to remember, that of
the three given numbers, two of them are always of one name , or denomination,
and the other number is ever of the same name, with the fourth number or ans’r required and must always be the second or middle
number. And the number that asketh the question, Must still possess the third or last
place, And the other number of the same name with the third must be the first
number. For, the first and third numbers
must always be of one name, viz., both Money, both weights, both time, or both
measure and tho’ they be of one kind Yet if one of them is altered, by
reduction, from a higher to a lower name, then the other must be reduced to the
same name, for you must particularly note, that if either the first or the
third number consist of several denominations, that is of pounds, and
shillings; or pounds, shillings, and pence, & farthings; or of tuns, hundreds, quarters, and pounds &c; then must they
be reduced to the lowest name mentioned, and if one happens to be of
PC Page 40
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script. Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page. There is
no border.
Text,
continued
Divers
denominations and the other but of one name then the number of one name must be
reduced as low or into the same name as the other: to suppose the first number is brought into
farthings then the third number, though but pounds, must be brought into
farthings also, then you are to multiply the second and third numbers together,
When the proportion is direct and divide the product by the first number and
the quotient thence arising will be the Answer.
If
8 gallons of Brandy cost £2.13s 4d, what will 72 gallons cost at the same rate? Galls £ s
d Galls
8 2
. 13 . 4 72
Multiply by 20 and 12 to
get pence
Multiply by 72 to get
46080
Divide by 8, then divide
by 12 and then 20 to get £
Answer £24
Short
way
If
8 Gal £2.13.4 72 Gal /8 = 9
X 9
£24
If
24 £ be paid for 72 Gallons of Brandy, what will 8 Gallons cost at the same
rate? Answer £2.13.4
Short
way
72 24 8
/ 9
£2.13.4
PC Page 41
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script with flourishes above, decoration below, and flowers
surrounding it.
This
page has no border.
Examples:
3) If 1 Cwt of Sugar cost £3.10 s, what
will be the cost of 17 Cwt, 3 qtrs, & 21 lbs. at
the same rate?
Answer £62 .15s, 7 ½ d
4) If 17 Cwt, 3 qtrs,
21 lbs. of Sugar costs £62.15 s., 7 ½ d., what will 1 Cwt cost at the same rate?
Answer £3.10 s.
5) Nutmegs at 2 1/4 d per ounce, what is
that per hundred weight?
Answer £16.16 s.
6) If £16.16 s be paid for 1 Cwt of
Nutmegs, what is that per Ounce?
Answer 2 ¼ d
PC Page 42
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script with elaboration on the T and R.
Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page, which has no borders.
Examples:
7) If the half of a mark buy the fourth of
a pound, How much Hyson tea can I buy for a
crown?
Answer 3 Ounces.
8) Whereas a Noble & a Mark just 16
yards did buy, how many Ells of the same cloth for fourscore pounds had I?
Answer 1024 Ells English
9) If 20 d and 30 groats
buy 20 pints of Wine, what is the cost of 60 quarts in current english coin?
Answer £3.10 s.
10) If 16 yards of English cloth cost 20
pounds in gold, What is the cost of 30 Ells
if they likewise are sold?
Answer £46 .17s, 6d.
11) If 1 herring and ½ cost 1 ½ d, how many
may I buy for 11 d?
Answer 11 herrings
12)
If 11 herrings cost 11 d, what must
be paid for 1 Herring and ½ at the same rate?
Answer 1 ½ d
PC Page 43
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
Within
the “D” in “Direct” are a flag, “Defiance to despotic laws”, and “L or D”
The
title is printed in caps and lower case letters, decorated with flowers.
A
shaded border is at the top. An
elaborate flourish is at the bottom left.
Dated
May 23d, 1776
Liberty 1776
Examples:
13) Suppose a gentleman’s estate to be £369,
what may he expend daily and yet lay up £6 .10s
per month?
Answer 15 s, 11 ¼ d
14) Suppose a certain man died indebted to
the following people, viz: to Mr. Covet
28 £, to Mr. Squeeze 36 £, and
to Mr. Hard 50 £, but the deceased’s estate being worth but 86 £, I demand what each Creditor’s proportionable part must be in proportion to the sum due to
him?
Answer Mr. Covet’s part £21. 2s. 5 ¼d
Mr. Squeeze’s part £27. 3s.1 ¾d
Mr. Hard’s part £37.14 s. 4 ½d
15) If I spend 4 shillings in one day, what
will it amount to in 1 year?
Answer 73 £
16) If in 1 year I spend 73 £, what is that
per day?
Answer 4 s
LIBERTY MAY
1776 23d
1776
PC Page 44
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script. No border is
present.
Examples:
17) Suppose the whole freight of a Ship
amounts to £764 . 8 s, what must be paid to Mr. AB for his 4/32 part?
Answer £95.11s
18) If the 4/32 part of the freight of a Ship
amounts to £95 .11s, I demand what the whole freight
will be at the same rate?
Answer £764 .8s.
19) West India Rum at 6s 8d per gallon, I
demand how many Gallons I may buy for £66 .13s. 4d?
Answer 200 gallons
20)
Suppose I pay £5 .3s, 4d for a
barrel of Molasses, how many Gallons are in the same, the Gallon being valued at 3s 4d?
Answer 31 Gallons
21) Shoes @ 7s/6d per pair, how many Pair may
I buy for £37 .10 s?
Answer 100 pair
22) Corn @ 13s/4d per barrel, how many
barrels may I buy for £100?
Answer 150 barrels
PC Page 45
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script decorated with flowers and leaves.
A
double line shaded border is at the top and flourishes cross the bottom.
The
title is separated from the examples by a shaded border with leaves.
Examples:
23) What’s the commission of £317 .12s. 6d at
2 ½ per cent?
Answer £7.18s. 9 ¾d
24) What will be the interest of £943 .12 s.
6d @ 6 percent for a year?
Answer £56 .12s. 4d and 1/5 of a penny
25) A Goldsmith bought a wedge of Gold which weigh’d 14 lbs. 3 oz. 8 pwt for
the sum of £514 .4s, I demand what it
stood him in per ounce?
Answer £3
26) If £3 is to be paid for 1 Ounce of Gold,
at the same rate what must be paid for
a wedge of gold weighing 14 lbs, 3 oz, 8 pwt?
Answer £514 .4s
PC Page 46
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script. Above and
below is a shaded border with dashes inside.
A
double line border is at the bottom.
Examples:
27) Suppose a Stear
weighing 360 lbs. is found dead by a Bear, a Wolf, & a Dog, & that the Bear could eat it in 12 hours, the Wolf in 24
hours, & the Dog in 36 hours, I demand in what
time they all could eat the sd. Stear?
Answer 6 hours, 32 min, 43 seconds & 7/11 of a second
28) Bought 18 pieces of Irish Linen, each
piece containing 25 ½ yards, I gave after
the rate of 1 pound 10 s for 9 yards, I
demand what the 18 pieces came to & what 1 Ell English of the same was worth?
Answer The 18 pieces came to £76 .10 s, and the price of 1 Ell
English is 4s/2d
29) Lawn @ 18/ per yard, how many yards may I
buy for £126 .18s?
Answer 141 yds.
30) Flax at 1/8 per pound, how many pounds
may I buy for £11. 3s, 4d?
Answer 134 lbs.
PC Page 47
The Rule of Three Direct
Artwork:
The
title is in calligraphic script that is fully vertical in orientation. It is decorated with flowers.
A
shaded border is at the top of the page and flourishes cross the bottom.
Examples:
31) If A owes B £512 .16s.8d, & compounds
at 6d in the pound, what must B take for the debt?
Answer £448.14 s.7d.
32) Bought a hogshead of N. E. Rum for £25 .17s.
6d, how many gallons were in the same valuing
the gallon at 2s. 6d?
Answer 175 gallons
33) If 15d buys 16 lbs. of bread that’s made
of Rye,
How many loaves of 6 lbs. each for £30
had I?
Answer 1280 loaves
34) If 30 Pints of English Ale doth 90 pence
require,
The value of one Hogshead of you I
do desire?
Answer £4.16s.
35) If 60 pence buy 15 pounds of Cotton in
the seed,
What must you pay for 90 lbs., if
you the same should need?
Answer £1.10s
PC
Page 48
The Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script decorated by flowers.
The
top border consists of three lines, and the title is underlined by 4 lines.
Flourishes
cross the bottom of the page.
Examples:
36) Suppose a Merchant bought 16 Packs of
Cloth & that every pack had 12 pieces in it, & every piece 28 yards, what came the 16 packs to, if 1 Ell English
be valued at 16s.8d?
Answer £3584
37) If £3584 buy 5376 Yards of Cloth, what
will 1 Ell English cost at the same rate?
Answer 16s, 8d
38) Coffee, at 1s 2 ½ d per lb., what will 26
bags of the same amount to, each bag
weighing 38 lbs.?
Answer £69.19s.8d
39) Fish, at 17s,6d per Quintal I demand how
many Quintals may be bought for £70 .17s. 6d?
S
d Quintal £ s
d
If 17 6 1 70 17 6
Answer 81 Quintals
PC Page 49
The Rule of Three Reverse
or of
Indirect Proportion
Artwork: 2 story house with 2
chimneys in use
2 masted
schooner, possibly “Liberty”
Man’s head
saying “Success to Liberty”
A schooner
and 3 unnamed sloops
6 flags with
13 stripes and “X” in corner
“Poor
freedom is better than rich slavery”
“Liberty or Death”
The title has all caps and caps and
lower case, some printed and some in script, profusely decorated with leaves and flowers.
A shaded border two panels wide
surrounds the page.
THE
Liberty
Rule of Three
Success to Liberty
Reverse
or of
Indirect Proportion.
Poor
freedom is better than rich slavery
LIBERTY OR DEATH.
Page
50 is blank
PC Page 51
The
Rule of Three Reverse.
Tuesday
May
28
1776
Artwork
The
title is in large flowing script, but poor planning makes the final “e” tiny.
The
title is underlined by a rectangle that does not extend the length of the
title.
A
triple line serves as a bottom border.
Text:
What
Indirect Proportion is, has been hinted already
In
Direct Proportion, the Product of the first and fourth numbers is equal to the
Product of the second and third. But in
this Proportion, the Product of the third and fourth numbers, is equal to the
first and second.
The
Method of stating any question in this rule, is the same with that of the
Direct rule.
In
the first and third numbers must be of one name, or so reduced, as in that
rule; and the number that moves the question must possess the third place; and
the middle number will be of the same name withe (sic) Answer, as it is there.
To
know when the Question belongs to the Direct, and when to the Reverse rule.
When
the question is stated as abovesaid, consider wheather (sic) the Answer to the question ought to be more
or less than the second number; if more, then the lesser of the first and third
numbers must be your Divisor.
But
if less, then the bigger of the two extreme numbers must be your Divisor.
And
if the first Number of the three is your Divisor, then the proportion is
Direct; but if the last of the three given numbers is your Divisor, the
proportion is Indirect or Reverse.
Or
without regard either to Direct or Reverse:
If more is required, the lesser )
If less, the greater ) is Divisor
PC Page 52
The Rule of Three Reverse.
Artwork:
The
title is in script and in very small letters
Examples:
If
4 men in 6 days can mow a field of grass, how many men would do the same in 2
days? Ans. 12 men
If
12 men in 2 days mow a field of grass, how many Men would do it in 6 days?
Ans.
4 Men
If
8 Labourers can do a certain piece of work in 12
days, in how many days will 96 labourers do the same? Ans.
1 day
If
96 Labourers in 1 day can do a certain piece of work,
in how many days can 8 Labourers do the same? Ans.
12 Days
If
when the measure (viz. a peck) of wheat costs 2 shillings the penny loaf weigh’d according to the standard statute or law of England
8 Ounces, I demand how much it will weigh when the peck is worth 1s.6d
according to the same rate or proportion?
Ans. 10 oz., 13 pwts., 8
grains
How
many yards of Merchandize at 20 s per yard must be given for 240 yards at 12s
per yard? Ans. 144 yds @ 20/s
How
many yards of Lining 3 quarters will line 9 yards of Cloth 5 quarters wide?
Answer 15 Yards
PC Page 53
The
Rule of THREE Reverse
Artwork:
The
title is a combination of left leaning script and all caps, with flowers
decorating the “The.”
A
plain shaded border surrounds the page.
An elaborate flourish is at the bottom right.
Examples:
A
Regiment of Soldiers consisting of 1000 men to have new coats, suppose each
coat to contain 2 yards & 1 quarter of cloth that is 5 quarters wide, &
that they are to be lin’d with shalloon that is 3
quarters wide; I Demand how many yards of Shalloon will line them?
Ans. 3750 yards of Shalloon 3 wide
My
Friend borrowing £250 of me for 12 months promised to do me the like kindness
when I required it, but on my request he could lend me but £150. The Question is how long must I keep his
money to make me plenary satisfaction for my former courtesy to my friend?
Answer 20 months
If
for 24 s I have 1200 lbs. carried 36 miles, how many lbs. may I have carried 24
miles for the same money?
Answer 1800 lbs.
If
for 24 s I have 1200 lbs. carried 36 miles, how many miles may I have 1800 lbs.
carried for the same money?
Answer 24 Miles
Friday
May
31, 1776
PC Page 54
The Double Rule of III Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script with flowers decorating the two “D’s”.
A
border of four single lines underlines the title, and another of like design
separates the rule from the examples.
Text:
In
this Rule there are five numbers given to find out a sixth, which is to be in
proportion to the product of the fourth & fifth numbers, as the third
number is to the product of the first & second numbers.
Questions
in this kind of proportion are wrought either by two operations in the single
Rule of three direct or by the Rule composed of the five given numbers, &
the one May be a proof to the other; as may be seen in the following Examples
you must Particularly note; That in all operations where the Answer to the
question is found by two statings of the Rule of
three, the answer of the first stating is Ever the Middle Number of the 2d
stating; as in the preceeding (sic) Examples.
Where
the answer to the Question is found by five numbers, you must state your
question thus, the first & fourth numbers are Made of one Name, & the
second & fifth; then the two first numbers, are multiplyed
(sic) together for a Divisor and the last two Numbers are Multiplyed
(sic) together for a dividend, and the quotient or answer is of the same name
with the middle Number.
If
£300 principal in 12 months gain £18 interest, what interest will £3575
Principal gain in 7 months?
Answer £125. 2s.6d
PC Page 55
The Double Rule of Three Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is a combination of printing and calligraphic script, heavily decorated
by flowers.
A
tiny house with smoking chimney is perched on the top of the “b” in Double.
A
shaded border underlines the title, and flourishes cross the bottom of the
page.
If
16 Cannons in 1 day spend 96 barrels of Powder how many barrels will 24 Cannons
spend in 12 days?
Day Cannons Barrels Days Cannons
If
1 16 96 12 24
24
288
96
16/
27648
Answer 1728 Barrels
If
I lend £250 to receive interest for the same, & at the end of 12 months
receive £265, I demand at what rate per cent per Annum I received interest?
£ per Mo £
per Mo
If 250 12 265£ 100 12
Answer 6£ per Cent per Annum
If
the Carriage of 32 Cwt 56 miles comes to 12 shillings, after the same rate what
must I pay to have 78 Cwt carried 94 miles?
Cwt Miles S Cwt Miles
If
32 56 12 78 94
Answer £2.9s.1d
PC Page 56
The Double Rule of 3 Direct.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script with the “D, R, and D” emphasized.
Flourishes
at the bottom are the only border.
Examples:
If
8 Students spend £38 in 6 months, how much will serve 42 Students 9 Months?
Students Mo. £ Students Months
8 6 38 42 9
6 9
48 divisor 378
38
48/ 14364
Answer £299.5 s
If
14 horses eat 56 bushels of Provender in 16 days, how many bushels will 42
horses eat in 28 days?
Horses Days Bushels Horses Days
14 16 56 42 28
16 28
224
divisor 1176
56
224/65856
Answer 294 Bushels
PC Page 57
THE
Double Rule of Three
Revers (sic)
Artwork:
The
text of the title combines printing and calligraphy with the flowing “R’s;” leaves or
flowers emanating from nearly all letters. Although she had room for it, Peggey dropped
the final “e” in “Reverse.” Flourishes
run across the page at the bottom.
The
title in surrounded by a shaded border.
Text:
In
this Rule you must place your numbers in such order that your 2d & 4th
may be of one name, & your 3rd
& 5th; then the 3rd & 4th numbers must
be multiplied together for a Divisor, & the 1st number must be
multiplied by the 2nd &
that product by the fifth for a Dividend, & the Quotient will be the Answer
in the same name with your 2nd Number.
If
£50 Principal in 12 months gain £2.10s interest, what Principal will gain £11.5s
in 9 months?
£ Months £
s Mo £ s
If 50 12 2 10
9 11 5
12 20 20
600 50 225
225 9
135000 Dividend 450 Divisor
450/135000 £300 Principal Answer
PC Page 58
The Double Rule of Three Reverse
Artwork
:
The
title is in script, and it appears the final “e” in Reverse” is again
omitted. Only a few leaves and flowers
are present. The title has a double
underline border, and at the bottom of the work is an ornate border. Below that is a small drawing of The Sloop
Kettle and a small drawing of The Ship Tinker.
In
the bottom center is an ornate set of initials “PC” with flowers and
embellishments
Text:
If
6 men mow 72 acres of grass in 24 days, in
how many days will 16 Men mow 24 Acres?
If Days Men A M A
24 6 72 16 24
6 16
144 432
24 72
576 1152
288
1152/3456 = 3
Answer 3 Days
If
in 12 Days 48 Pioneers cast a trench 24 yards long, how many Pioneers will cast
a trench 168 yards long in 32 days?
If Pioneers Days Yards Days Yards
48 12 24 32 168
Answer 126 Pioneers
PC Page 59
Single Fellowship.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with decorated capitals and leaves and flowers. It is underlined by a shaded border. Several flourishes decorate the page, which
is dated Tuesday, June 4, 1776. Single
flowers flow from the “f’s” in If and Proof in the work.
Text:
The
Rule of Fellowship is for Merchants or other Traders where they have joint
stocks in company to distribute unto every one his
proportional part of the gain or loss according to his stock laid in; ‘tis
divided into two parts commonly called the Single & Double Rules of
Fellowship; in the Single Rule having the particular Gain or Loss, observe this
general Rule.
As the total sum of the stocks
To the total Gain or Loss
So is each man’s particular stock
To each man’s particular gain or
loss.
1776
Tuesday, June 4
Two
Merchants, A & B, make a joint stock, A put in £104, B £276, they gain’d 127£; I demand what part of it belongs to each?
A
put in £104
B
put in £276 £ £ £ £ £
380 127 104 If 380 127 276
104 276
380/13208 £34 380/35052 £92
380/5760 15 s 380/1840 4 s
38/72 1 d 38/384 10
d
Answer A’s part £34. 15s.1 3/4d
B’s
part £92.4s.10d
Remainder 1/4d
Proof £127
PC Page 60
Single Fellowship.
Artwork:
The
title is similar in script to the preceding page, but with few flowers.
Test:
Three
Merchants A, B, & C trade together.
A put in £565, B £278, & C £629; they gain’d
£1000, I demand each man’s part in proportion to the money he put in?
A
put in 565£
B
put in 278£
C
put in 629£ £ £
£ £ £ £ £ £
If 1472 1000 565 |
If 1472 1000
278 | If 1472 1000
629
565
1472/ 565000 383£ (same calculation for B and C)
1224 remainder
20 shillings
1472 / 24480 16 s
928 remainder
12
pence
1472 /
11136 7 d
832 remainder
4 farthings
1472 /
3328 2
Ans’r A’s part £383.16s.7 1/2d
B’s
part £188.17s.2d
C’s
part £427.6s.2 1/4d
Remainder
1/4d
Proof £1000
PC Page 61
SINGLE FELLOWSHIP.
Artwork:
The
title is in all caps with ornate S and F.
Flourishes and a flower decorate the title. A shaded underline is below the title, and
the bottom border is a triple underline.
Examples:
Four
persons make a joint stock for 12 months.
D put in 184 £, E 206 £, F 199 £, & G 312 £, & when they settled
their accompts (sic) they found they had lost £232; I
demand what part of the loss each person must sustain?
£
D
put in 184
E 206
F 199
G 312 £
£ £ £ £
£ £ £
If 901 232 184 If
901 232 206 If 901 232 199
£ £ £
If 901 232 312
(same multiplication and division
calculations as on previous page)
Answer D’s part £47.7s.6 3/4d
E’s
part £53.0s.10 1/4d
F’s
part £51.4s.9 3/4d
G’s
part £180.6s8 3/4d
Remainder
1/2d
Proof
£232
PC Page 62
SINGLE FELLOWSHIP.
Artwork:
The
title is in all caps with ornate S and F.
Flourishes and a flower decorate the title. A single underline is below the title, and
the bottom border is a single underline.
Examples:
Three
men enter into Partnership. L put in 317
£, M 285 £, & N 463 £; they lost 129 £; what part of it must each man bear?
£
L
put in 317
M 285
N 463
£
£ £ £ £ £ £ £
If 1065 129 317 If
1065 129 285 If 1065 129 463
(same multiplication and division
calculations as on previous page)
Answer L’s part of the loss £38.7s.11
1/4d
M’s
part £34.10s.5d
N’s part £56.1s.7 1/2d
Remainder
1/4d
Proof £129
PC Page 63
Double
Fellowship.
Artwork: The
D and F of the title are decorated with flowers. The D has shading and the F has decorative
underlining. A triple underline is under
the title. The bottom border is a
curving underline. Dated Th. June 6,
1776
Text:
It
is called Double Fellowship when their gains are different not only in respect
to their stocks, but in respect of the time of their continuance in company,
& to resolve any Question in this rule, observe the following
directions……..
As the total sum of the products of each man’s money
multiplied by the time put in for, is to the total gain or loss, so is the
particular product of each man’s money multiplied by the time put in for, to
each man’s particular gain or loss.
Two merchants A & B agree to trade
together. A put in £322 for 4 months and
B £475 for 7 months; they gain’d £520; I demand each
Merchant’s part?
A
put in £322 B
put in £475
for
4 mo for
7 mo.
1288 A’s stock & time 3325 B’s stock & time
3325 B’s stock & time
£ A’s stock & time Similar math for B
1f 4613 520 1288
520
25760
6440
4613 /
669760 \ 145 £
4613 / 17500 \ 3
s
4613 / 43932 \ 9 d
Answer A’s part £145.3.9
½
B’s part £374.16.2 ¼
Remainder ¼
Proof £520
PC Page 64
Double Fellowship.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with a curvy single underline. No flowers are on this page.
Examples:
Three
Persons enter into Partnership, viz: A, B,
&C. A put into stock £32.10s for 4
months, B 39 £ for 6 months & C 42 £ for 3 months, they gain’d
£83.6s, what is each man’s share in proportion to his stock and time?
A
put in £32.10s for 4 Mo
B put in £39 for 6 Mo C
put in £42 for 3 Mo
4 6 3
130 A’s stock & time 234B’s stock & time 126 C’s stock &
time
130
A’s stock & time
234
B’s stock & time
126 C’s stock & time £ s A’s stock & time
If 490
Total stock & time 83.6 130
20
1666
130
490/216580 44.2
£22.2
Same calculations for B and C
Answer A’s part £22.2s.
--d
B’s ditto £39.15s.7d
C’s d’o £21.8s4 ¾ d
Remainder ¼
d
Proof £83.6s
PC Page 65
Double Fellowship.
Artwork:
The
title is in simple script with a single curvy underline. Two small flowers decorate the title. The “M” of Merchants in the first example is
decorated. Flourishes cross part of the
page at the bottom.
Examples:
Three
Merchants enter into Partnership, A put into stock £372, B £566, & C £650. A’s money was to continue in Partnership 5
months, B’s 7, & C’s 9; they lost £568; I Demand each Merchant’s part
according to his stock and time?
The
entire page is filled with multiplication and division as on the previous page.
£ s d
Answer A’s part of the loss 90 10
3 ¼
B’s ditto 192 16 1
C’s ditto 284 13 7
½
Remainder ¼
Proof £ 568
- -
PC Page 66
Double Fellowship.
Artwork:
The
title is in simple script with underlining.
A 5 line bottom border follows the work.
A
very ornate “Peggey Clayton” is at the bottom of the page, with “eggey” incorporated into the “P” and “layton”
incorporated into the “C.”
A
house is drawn inside the “P” in “Peggey”
In
the bottom right hand corner is a drawing of a sloop, The Yellowjacket
Privateer, Capt. Benj. Buckskin.
Examples:
Three
Butchers A, B, & C, hire a Pasture for £24.
A had 40 Cows in it for 4 months, B 30 Cows for 2 months, & C 36
Cows for 5 months, what part of the rent must each pay?
A
put in 40 cows for 4 Mo. B put in 30
cows for 2 Mo. C put in 36 cows
4 2 5
160
60 180
180 £ £
If 400 24 160 If
400 24 60
160 60
400/3840 £9.12s 400/1440 £3.12s
£
If
400 24 180
180
400/4320 £10.16s
£ s
Answer A must pay 9
12
B
must pay 3 12
C
must pay 10 16
Proof £ 24
-
PC Page 67
THE
Rules of
Practice.
(The
title covers the entire page)
The
letters in “THE” are in all caps and are conjoined, as in T-E.
The
rest of the letters are in script with letters shaded in several ways.
The
“R” and “P” have the flowing script of other page titles, and vines, leaves and
flowers decorate most of the letters.
In
the middle of the page is a drawing of the Schooner Union, along with a smaller
sloop
The
title and art are surrounded by a three panel wide, shaded border.
Tuesday,
June
11th, 1776
PC Page 68
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is in Plain black script, with an embellished “P”
The
rule is bordered on top and bottom with a simple decorated border.
At
the bottom of the page is a four line border.
Text:
These
Rules are most compendiously contrived
for the speedy casting up of any sort of goods or merchandize; and
therefore are of excellent use among Merchants, Tradesmen, &c; for their
quick and elegant dispatch of Business; & from their frequent use, are
called Rules of Practice.
Any
question in the Rule of Three, that hath an unit or 1 for its number, may be
much sooner done by these brief rules than by the methods followed in that as
too much abounding in figures.
In
order for working, the following tables are to be well understood & got
perfectly by heart.
The Even Parts of Money
Parts
of a Shilling Parts
of a Pound
6d ½ 10 1/2
4 1/3 6.8 1/3
3 is ¼ 5 1/4
2 1/6 4 1/5
1
½ 1/8 more
1 1/12
The even parts of weight
Parts
of a Tun Parts of a Cwt Parts
of ½ of Cwt Parts of ¼
of Cwt
Cwt qrs lb lb lb
10 ½ 2 - ½ 28 ½ 14 ½
5 ¼ 1
¼ 14 ¼
7 ¼
to to
to
to
1 /20 0
7 1/16 7 1/8 4 1/7
PC Page 69
Practice.
Artwork
A
head-on view of the ship The Bear, Capt. Wood, with two rows of 3 sails each,
surmounted by a single topsail.
The
title is in script decorated with flowers.
The “P” is large and flowing/
The
border at the bottom of the page is 9 straight lines with some shading or
running together, obviously done by hand with a straight edge.
Text:
Case
1st When the given price is Pence and an even
part of a Shilling, consider what part it is and divide the given quantity by
it, and the Quotient will be shillings, and those shillings divided by 20 will
give Pounds.
s 3476
pounds of cheese @ 6d per lb
6 ½
1738
20 / £86.18 Answer
4 1/3
6705 Yards @4d
20 2235
£111.15 Answer
5478
lbs. @ 3d Answer £68.9.6
2579
lbs. @ 2d Answer £21.9.10
6000
lbs. @ 1 ½ d Answer £38.0.0
7935
lbs. @ 1 d Answer £33.1.3
532
lbs.@ 1 d per lb. Answer £2.4.4
687
lbs. @ 1 ½ d Answer £4.5.10 ½
490
lbs. @ 2 d Answer £4.1.8
365
lbs. @ 3d Answer £4.11.3
387
Yards @ 4d Answer £6.9
784
Yards @ 6d Answer £19.12
PC Page 70
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is in black flowing script with a highly decorated “P”. Guide lines for the lower case letters are
obvious. An elaborate flourish is to the
right of the title.
Several
double line borders separate parts of the page.
Case
2d When the given price is such pence as are
not an even part of a shilling, first take the greatest even part of a
shilling & then part of that part,
& add them both together and divide the product by 20 which will produce
Pounds.
6d ½ 8764
Yards @ 9d
3d ½ 4382
of 6d 2191
20 6573
£328.13s Answer
5326
Yards @ 8d Answer £177.10.8
6849
lbs. @ 7 d Answer £199.15.3
3127
lbs. @ 5d Answer £65.2.11
386
Yards @ 5d Answer £8.0.10
783
Yards @ 7 d Answer £22.16.9
682
lbs. @ 8 d Answer £22.14.8
901
Gallons @ 9 d Answer £33.15.9
The
following sums are wrought by taking the even part of a shilling in each line, viz:
6d ½ 3790
Yards @ 10 d
4d 1/3 1895
1263 4
20
/ 3158 4
£157.18.4 Answer
Or
thus by annexing a Cypher to the given Quantity and dividing by 12 viz:
12 / 37900
20 / 3158
£157.18.4 Ans. (as above)
1349
lbs. @ 11 d Answer £61.16.7
A
small hand with extended finger is drawn at the lower left margin
PC Page 71
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is in flowing script as on previous pages, with a highly decorated
“P”.
The
small letters are shaded with diagonal lines.
A
drawing of the Schooner Two Sisters is to the right of the title.
Two-line
borders separate section of the work.
Case
3d When the price is pence & farthings,
then work for the pence as before, & for the farthings observe what part
they make of the parts taken before, which take out of any one of the lines, of
which the farthing or farthings make an even part, and add all together &
divide by 20.
d
2 1/6 649
lbs. @ 2 ½ d
½ ¼
108.2
of
2d 27.0. ½
20/ 135.2
½
Answer £6.15.2 ½
605
Ounces @ 3 ¼ d Answer £8.3.10 ¼
873
lbs. @ 3 ¾ d Answer £13.12.9 ¾ d
592
Yards @ 7 ½ d Answer £18.10
754
Gallons @ 10 ½ d Answer £32.19.9
946
Yards @ 10 ½ d Answer £41.7.9
657
Gallons @ 7 ½ d Answer £20.10.7 ½
938
lbs. @ 3 ¾ d Answer £14.13.1 ½
894
lbs. @ 3 ¾ d Answer £12.2.1 ½
798
Ounces @ 2 ½ d Answer £8.6.3
PC Page 72
Practice.
Artwork:
The
script title is like on previous pages.
To
its right is a drawing of “The Snow
Greyhound coming into Harbour having lost her
foretopmast.” A smaller boat is in the
background.
Case
IV. When the price is any number of pence
above a shilling, and not two shillings, let the given quantity stand as
shillings, and take even parts for the pence, & set the Quotients
underneath in proper order, without drawing a line, and add it to the given
number, & the total will be the answer in shillings, which bring into
Pounds by dividing by 20.
1s 1/12 479 Yards @ 13 d
39.11
20 / 518.11
£25.18.11 Answer
689
lbs. @ 14 d Answer £40.3.10
543
bushels @ 15 d Answer £33.18.9
876
Gallons @ 16 d Answer £58.8
934
lbs. @ 17 d Answer £66.3.2
328
Yards @ 18 d Answer £24.12
749
Yards @ 19 d Answer £59.5.11
645
lbs. @ 20 d Answer £53.15
561
Gallons @ 21 d Answer £49.1.9
948
lbs. @ 22 d Answer £86.18
864
Yards @ 23 d Answer £82.16
486
lbs. @ 13 d Answer £26.6.6
PC Page 73
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is in large script and decorated as before. The guide lines are evident.
A
wavy line crosses the page above the date:
Saturday A. M. June 22d, 1776
Case
V. When the price given is such a number of
shillings, or shillings and pence, as make an even part of a Pound, divide the
given Quantity by that part , and the Quotient will be pounds.
10s 1/2 698
Yards @ 10/s
£349.0.0 Answer
493
Gallons @ 6/8 Answer £164.6.8
594
Ells@ 5/s Answer £148.10
937
lbs. @ 4/s Answer £187.8
806
Gallons @ 3 / 4 Answer £134.6.8
479
lbs. @ 2/s Answer £47.18
347
Yards @ 1/8 Answer £26.8.4
896
Gallons @ 1/8 Answer £74.13.4
507
lbs. @ 2/s Answer £50.14
438
Gallons @ 3 / 4 Answer £73.0.0
869
lbs. @ 4/s Answer £173.16
903
lbs. @ 5/s Answer £225.15
612
lbs. @ 6 / 8 Answer £204.0.0
731
Yards @ 10/s Answer £365.10
When
at any time the price is Shillings, the Answer may be known at first sight, for
‘tis but doubling the last figure towards the right hand & note it for
shillings and the other Figures are Pounds, viz:
648 lbs. @ 2/s
£64.16 Answer
6491
Yards @ 2/s Answer £649.2
834
lbs. @ 2/s Answer £83.8
Saturday A. M. June 22d
1776
PC Page 74
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is smaller than on other pages but of the same design in script.
A
four line border separates the title from the text of the Case.
A
four line border is at the bottom of the page, above the date: Tuesday Morning,
June 25th, 1776
Case
6th When the price is shillings & pence,
or shillings, pence, & farthings, & no even part of a Pound, then
multiply the given quantity by the shillings in the price, & take parts for
the rest and add all together, which divided by 20 will produce Pounds.
378 Yards @ 4/6
4
1512
6d ½ 189
20
/ 1701
£85.1
Answer
849
Gallons @ 5/9 Answer £244.1.9
635
lbs. @ 6/4 Answer £201.1.8
944
Bushels @ 7s/10 d Answer £369.14.8
849
Barrels @ 8/8 Answer £367.18
917
Yards @ 12 s/7 d Answer £576.18.11
845
Ells @ 16s/3d Answer £686.11.3
947
Barrels @ 19s/11d Answer £943.1.1
Tuesday Morning
June 25th,
1776
PC Page 75
PRACTICE.
Artwork:
This
title’s style is very different from previous ones.
“For
Miss Peggy Clayton her book” incorporated into “P” of “Practice”
A
dot and foliage background enhances the “RAC” and “ICE”
A
shaded border encloses the title, and a flourish runs across the bottom of the
page.
Case
7th When the price is shillings & pence
& no even part of a Pound, yet many times it may be divided into even
parts, as 7s/6d is composed of 5s &
2s/6d; & 11s/8d of 10s & 1s/8d; 12s/6d of 10s & 2s/6d; and 15 s of
10s & 5s; &c &c &c.
5s ¼ 676
lbs. @ 7s/6d
2.6 ½ 169
of
5s 84.10
£253.10 Answer
930
Gallons @ 11s/8d Answer £542.10
849
Yards @ 12s/6d Answer £530.12.6
634
Barrels @ 15/ Answer £475.10
932
Yards @ 17/6 Answer £815.10
904
Barrels @ 17s/6d Answer £791.0.0
498
Yards @ 15/ Answer £373.10
725
Gallons @ 12/6 Answer £453.2.6
394
Barrels @ 11/8 Answer £229.16.8
944
Bushels @ 7/6 Answer £354.0.0
PC Page 76
Practice.
Artwork:
The
script of the title goes back to the earlier style, decorated with flowers and
an ornate, flowing “P”.
A double
line border with a dashed center line is at the page bottom.
Case
8th When at any time the price is an even
number of shillings, multiply the quantity by half of the price, & double
the first figure of the product, & set it apart for shillings, & the
other figures towards the left hand will be Pounds.
862
lbs. @
4s
2 the half
2
£172.8 Answer
365
lbs. @ 6/s
3 the
half 3
£109.10 Answer
837
Gallons @ 8s Answer £334.16
986
Yards @ 10s Answer £493.0
837
Bushels @12s Answer £502.4
568
Barrels @ 14s Answer £397.12
375
Yards @ 16s Answer £300.0.0
849
Barrels @ 18s Answer £764.2
932
Barrels @ 18s Answer £838.16
649
Yards @ 16s Answer £519.2
985
Gallons @ 14s Answer £689.10
588
lbs. @ 12s Answer £352.16
693
Gallons @ 10s Answer £346.10
849
lbs. @ 8s Answer £339.12
506
lbs. @ 4/s Answer £101.4
605
Yards @ 6/s Answer £181.10
PC Page 77
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is small and printed, with a few flowers and decorative underlining.
In
the top right margin there is a drawing of a ship being towed by two rowboats
with the caption, “The ship Maryland towing into harbor, having lost her
foremast, foretopmast, & mizentopmast (sic),
& spritsail yards.” In the top left
margin is a drawing of a 3 mast ship pulling a dory. At the bottom of the page below a four line
border are large embellished initials “P C”
Case
9th When the price is an even number of
shillings, if it be required to know what quantity of any
thing may be bought for so much money, it may be known by this short
rule, viz:
annex a cypher to the money and divide by half the price.
_______Exempli Gratia. _______
How
many Yards of Linen may I buy for 27 £ at 4/ per yard?
Half the price 2/270 Answer
135 Yards
How
many Gallons of Rum may be bought for 108 £ at 6/ per Gallon?
3/1080 Answer 360 Gallons
How
many pair of Stockings at 8/ per pair may be bought for £384?
4/3840 Answer 960 pair
How
many pair of Shoes at 10/ per pair may I buy for 173 £?
5/1730 Answer 346 pair
How
many Barrels of Corn at 14/ per Barrel may I buy for 876 £?
7/8760 Answer 1251 Barrels & 3/7
How
many Yards of Hollond
at 12/s per yard may I buy for £768?
6/7680 Answer 1280 Yards
How
many Yards of Cambrick @ 16/s per yard may I buy for
1080 £?
8/10800 Answer 1350 Yards
How
many Yards of Cloth at 18/s per yard may I buy for 349 £?
9/3490 Answer 387 Yards & 7/9
How
many hundred pounds of Pork @ 22/s per hundred pounds may I buy for 187£?
11/1870 Answer 170
hundred neat
How
many Yards of Broad Cloth @ 24/s per yd.
may I buy for 228£ ?
12/2280 Ans. 190 Yards
PC Page 78
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is in small, left-leaning script with an embellished “P” and decorative
underlining.
Two-
and three-lined borders are used, and the date is A. D. 1776 June 28th
Friday A. M.
Case
10th When the price
is an odd number of shillings work for the even parts as in the 8th
case & for the odd shilling take the 1/20 of the given number and add them
together, as in the following examples.
397 Gallons @ 7/s
3
119.2
1s 1/20 19.17
£138.19 Answer
498 lbs. @ 9/s
4
199.4
1s 1/20 24.18
£224.2 Answer
865 Yards @ 11/s
5
423.10
1s 1/20 43.5
£475.15 Answer
749 lbs. @ 13/s
6
449.8
1s 1/20 37.9
£486.17 Answer
984 Yards @ 15/s
7
688.16
1s 1/20 49.4
£738.0 Answer
PC Page 78
(Cont.)
Practice.
498 Ells @ 17/s
8
398.8
1s 1/20 24.18
£423.6 Answer
674 Yards @ 19/s
£640.6 Answer
710 Barrels @ 17/s
£603.10 Answer
805 Ells @ 15/s
£603.15 Answer
912 Gallons @ 13/s
£592.16 Answer
756 Yards @ 11/s
£415.16 Answer
675 lbs. @ 9/s
£303.15 Answer
A. D. 1776 June
28th Friday A. M.
PC Page 79
Practice.
Artwork
The
title is in highly embellished large script, with an elaborate “P”. Flowers decorate every letter. A shaded border separates the title from the
work, and a plain triple line border is at the bottom.
Case
11th When
the price of the integer is Pounds, Shillings, & Pence, reduce the Pounds
& Shillings into Shillings, & multiply the given number of integers by
the said Shillings, & then take parts for the Pence as before taught; or if
the Shillings & Pence make an even part or even parts of a Pound, then
multiply the quantity by the Pounds & take even parts of a Pound for the
remainder of the price, and add the results together; Or when the price is
Shillings above 20 and under 40, you may let the integers stand as Pounds &
without drawing a line take parts for the odd money & add all together.
987
Cwt @ £2.12.6
52 20
1974 52
4935
6d ½ 493.6
2/0 5181/7.6
£2590.17.6 Answer
Or
thus 987 Cwt @ £2.12.6
2
1974
10s ½ 493.10
2.6
is ¼ of 10s 123.7.6
£2590.17.6 Answer
789 Barrels @ £3.15.6
£2978.9.6 Answer
816 Barrels @ £4.17.6
£3978.0.0 Answer
PC Page 80
Practice.
Case 11th continued.
Artwork: The title is in smaller but elaborate
script. Case is embellished.
A
two line border crosses the bottom, with a dashed line between the lines.
649 Cwt @ £4.18.9
98 20
5192 98
6d ½ 324.6
5841 this
line is the product of 649 by 9, which was omitted in its proper place
3d ½ of 162.3
Sixpence
2/0 6408/8.9
£3204.8.9 Answer
Or
thus 649 Cwt @ £4.18.9
4
2596
10s ½ 324.10
5s ½ of 10s 162.5
2.6 ½ of 5s 81.2.6
1.3 ½ of 2.6 40.11.3
£3204.8.9 Answer
312 Barrels @ £3.13.4
£1144.0.0 Answer
624 Barrels @ £2.15.9
£1739.8 Answer
840 Yards @ £1.12.6
£1365.0.0 Answer
July 3rd, 1776, Wednesday Morning
PC Page 81
PRACTICE.
Artwork: The title is in all caps with the letters
shaded in several ways, and flowers grow from the bottom of the letters as from
soil.
Small
drawings of The Sloop Friendship and the Schooner Eagle flank the title.
A
2 story house with 3 windows over 2 and 2 chimneys is above the title.
A
flag with 13 stripes and an “X” in the canton emanates from the “A”.
Case
12th If
the Quantity given hath any odd weight or measure annex’d
to it, as ¼, ½, or ¾ (after you have work’d as before
taught for the whole numbers) then take ¼, ½, or ¾ of the price and add it to
the other work.
247
¼ Yards @ 8s.9d
8 For
¼
2.2 ¼
1976
6d ½ 123.6
3d ½ of 61.9
6d 2.2 ¼ for ¼ Yd
2/0 216/3.5
¼
£108.3.5 ¼ Answer
783 Ells & ¾ @ 13s.7d
£532.5.11 ¼ Answer
863 ½ Yards @ 15s.3d
£658.8.4 ½ Answer
365 ½ lbs. @ 12s.8d
£231.9.8 Answer
875 lbs. & ¼ @ 14s.5d
£630.18.2 ¼ Answer
386 ¾ Bushels @ 16s.4d
£315.16.11 Answer
Tu. Aft. July 9, 1776
PC Page 82
Practice.
Case the 12th Continued.
Artwork: The title is in the typical flowing script
with a decorated “P”.
At
the bottom of the problems are “Liberty” and “B. C; N. C.”
A
row of flourishes crosses the bottom of the page.
347
Cwt,1 qtr, 21 lbs. @
17s.6d
17 qtr. ¼ 4.4
½
5899 14 ½ 2.2
¼
6d ½ 173.6 7 ¼
1.1.1/2 farth.
For
1 qtr 21 lbs 7.7.3/4 7.7.
¾ ½
2/0 608/0.1
¾ & ½ farthing
£304.0.1 ¾ & ½ Answer
871
Yards & ¼ @
9s.10 ½ d
£4300.3.7 & ½ a
farthing Answer
496 Cwt., 3 qtrs., 24 ½
lbs. @ 3.12.8
£1805.13.0 ¾
748 Cwt, 2 qtrs., 14
lbs. @ 18s.2d
£680.0.0 ¼ Answer
132 Yards & ½ @ 10s.7 ½ d
£70.7.9 ¾ Answer
17
Cwt., 3 qtrs., 21 lbs. @
3.3.4
£56.16.0 ½ Answer
Liberty BC;
N. C.
PC Page 83
Practice.
Other Tables of even parts of a SHILLING
& POUND
viz
Artwork:
Large
drawing of a 3 masted ship “The Ship Francis”
The
title is in all caps script, profusely decorated with flowers. Much of the lettering is in italics. A 3 panel wide border highlights the
title. A 7 line border is at the page
bottom.
Parts
of a Shilling Parts
of a Pound
10d) (5/6 18s 9/10
9d ) (¾ 17s.6d 7/8
8d ) is (2/3 16s.8d 5/6
7
½d) (5/8 15 ¾
4
½d) (3/8 14 is 7/10
13s.4d 2/3
12s.6d 5/8
8 4/10
7s.6d 3/8
6 3/10
Case 13th
If
the price of the integer be at any of the rates in either of these tables,
multiply the given quantity by the numerator & divide by the denominator,
& the quotient will be the Answer.
476
Yards @ 10d 468
Yards @ 7 ½ d
£19.16.8 Answer £14.12.6
Answer
384
pounds @ 9d 817
pounds @ 4 ½ d
£14.8
Answer £15.6.4
½ Answer
687
lbs. @ 8d 764 lbs. @ 9d
£22.18 Answer £28.13 Answer
PC Page 84
Practice.
Artwork:
The
title is in script but simply drawn, with the “P” large and flowing. There are no flowers on this page. There are simple two-line borders.
Case
14th When it happens that the price of the
integer is a known part of a Pound, as 17s.6d is 7/8, 13s.4d is 2/3, 16s.8d is
5/6, and 7s.6d is 3/8 &c; then multiply the given number of integers by the
Numerator, and divide the product by the Denominator; or divide by the
Denominator first, & then multiply that quotient by the Numerator. See the following work.
9/10 849 Barrels @ 18/s or thus 849 Barrels @ 18/s
9 10/849
7641/10 84.18
£764.2 Answer 9
£764.2 Answer
7/8 736 Yards @ 17/6 or thus
736 Yards @ 17/6
7 8/736
5152/8 92
£644 Answer 7
£644 Answer
5/6 432 Yards @ 16/8 or thus 432
Yards @ 16/8
multiply by 5, divide by 6 divide
by 6, multiply by 5
£360 Answer £360 Answer
3/4 283 Bushels @ 15/ s 283
Bushels @ 15/ s
multiply by 3, divide by 4 divide by 4,
multiply by 3
£212.5s Answer £212.5s Answer
375 Barrels @ 13/4 375
Barrels @ 13/4
£250 Answer £250 Answer
PC Page 85
TARE
AND
TRET.
Artwork
The
“T” of Tare and Tret are shaded and embellished and are in decorative frames
A
3 story house with 13 windows and two chimneys is at the middle left
A
large flag with 13 stripes, “WE ARE ONE” in the stripe area and “13 United
Colonies” in the Canton, which is divided by an “X” is at the middle right.
The
poem:
“Swift
to the field ye Heroes fly
“Liberty or Death” The cause that calls is
Liberty
Fear
not to fight, to bleed, or die
Your
glorious cause demands your breath
Freedom
is cheap tho’ bought with death”
Friday
Play time
July 12, 1776
PC Page 86
Tare and Tret.
Tare
and Tret are the allowances made to Merchants in buying their goods…..
Tare,
of what they can agree for per Cwt, per chest, per the whole, for the weight of
the bag, box, chest, &c, which contains the commodity……
Tret,
for the waste, motes, or dust, and is always 4 lbs. per 104 lbs…..
There
is also sometimes allowances given of 2 lbs. for every Cwt, for the turn of the
scale, called cloff or clough
Note
that the whole weight, before any allowances are made, is called Gross, when
part is deducted the remainder is called Suttle, but
when all are taken from it, what is left is called Neat.
(A
large flag, lightly drawn
With
13 stripes and Rules
the
canton with dark triangles With
top
and bottom, lighter Examples
triangles
on the sides)
Rule
1st, The Tare of any Quantity of goods may be easily found, if at so
much in the whole, only by subtracting (sic, use of modern spelling) the said
allowances from the Gross weight, if at so much per chest be, by multiplying
the number of pounds Tare by the number of chests &c & subtracting as
before, & if at so much per Cwt, by taking such part or parts of the Gross
weight, as the allowance is of a Cwt
Suppose
5 Cwt, 2qrs, 13 lbs. were allowed on 456 Cwt, 1 Qr,
19 lbs of Tobacco; what would be the neat weight?
456 Cwt 1 Qr
19 lbs Gross
15 Cwt 2 Qr 13 Lbs
Tare
Ans 440 3
6 Neat wt.
246
Cwt 3 qr 12 lbs Gross, Tare
14 lbs per Cwt, I demand the Neat Weight?
246 3 12
Gross
30 3 12 Tare
Ans. 216 0 0
Neat Wt.
What’s
the neat weight of 3 frails of Raisins each 3C 2 qr
10 lb Gross, Tare at 20 lbs. per frail?
3 frails each 3 C 2 qr 10 lb
3
10. 3.
2 Gross
2.
4 Tare
Answer 10. 0. 26
Neat wt.
364
Cwt 1 qr 14 lbs Gross, Tare 16 lbs per Cwt, I
Demand the neat weight?
Answer 312 1
8 Neat wt.
PC Page 87
Tare and Tret.
Artwork:
The
title is printed in caps and lower case with letters shaded.
A
shaded border separates the title from the work, and a 3 line border is at the
bottom.
Text:
Note
that 14 lbs. & 16 lbs. may be called the standards of Tare, for from them
may any number of pounds more or less be taken, as in the following Examples.
728
Cwt 3 qrs Gross, Tare 18 bs.
Per Cwt, I Demand the neat weight?
728 Cwt 3 qrs Gross
104 12
13 1 ½
117 0 13 ½ Tare
Ans. 611 2 14 ½ Neat
wt.
182
Cwt 0 qr 14 lbs.
Gross, Tare 20 lbs. per Cwt, I Demand the neat weight?
182 0 14 Gross
26 0 2
6 2
½
32 2 2 ½ Tare
Ans. 149 2 11 ½
Neat wt.
Rule
2d. Tret
being always 4 lbs. per 104 lbs., the constant method of finding it is
by taking the 26th part of the line it is to be deducted from (4
times 26 being 104) as in the following Examples.
Six Hhds of
Tobacco wt viz.
(total) 3929 Gross
-556
Tare
3373
lbs. Suttle
-
129 ½ Tret
3243
½ Rest
-12
Cloff
Answer 3231 ½ Neat
Th. July 18th 1776
PC Page 88
Tare and Tret.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with very large “T’s” and no flowers.
Three
lines underline the title and 4 lines form the border at the page bottom.
Examples:
In
5 Barrels of Nutmegs wt 18 Cwt, 2 qr,
7 lbs. gross, tare 30 lbs. per barrel; and tret 4
lbs. per 104 lbs, how many pounds neat?
2079 lbs. gross
150 lbs. tare
1929 lbs. suttle
74 lbs. tret
Answer 1855 pounds neat
In
27 bags of Pepper, containing 58 Cwt, 3 qrs, 11 lbs.
gross, Tare 4 lbs. per bag, Tret 4 lbs. per 104 lbs., I demand how many neat
pounds?
6591 lbs. gross
108
lbs. tare
6483 lbs. suttle
249 ½ lbs. tret
Answer 6233 ¾ pounds neat
PC Page 89
SIMPLE INTEREST.
Artwork:
The
title is in caps with “ST” squeezed in at the end, in smaller letters.
A
small ship is incorporated into the “S” in Simple, and flowers surmount the
title.
“Independent
we’ll be, But we will (be) free.” is enclosed in “I” of Interest
Three
small ships float to the left of four adjacent buildings, each 2 stories tall,
sharing chimneys
A
small flag is to the right of the buildings, with 13 stripes and an X in the canton
Text:
Simple
interest being one of the branches of Proportion or the Rule of Three, is
worked as follows.
1st. The interest of any sum is found by this
plain Proportion.
As 100 £
Is to the rate of
Interest
So is the given
Principal
To the Interest sought
Note
the cutting off two figures to the right-hand divides such lines by 100….
2d. To find the Interest of any sum for 2 or
more years, Multiply the years amount by the number of years required.
3d. To find the Interest for months, divide
the years amount by the even parts they make of a year.
4th If the time is Weeks or Days, instead of
taking the even parts of a year, as for months, it must be done by a second
stating in the Rule of Three.
Exempli gratia
At
6 £ per Cent, what will be the interest of £589 for 1 Year?
Answer £35.6s.9 ½ d
At
5£ per Cent, what Interest will £981.12s.8 ½ d Principal gain in a year?
Answer £49.1s.7 ½ d
PC Page 90
Simple Interest.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with large, flowing “S” and “I”.
A
3 line border separates the title from the work, and a 4 line border runs
across the page bottom.
What
is the Interest of £381.17s.8d @£5 ½ per cent for 1 year?
Answer £21.0.0 ¾
What
is the Interest of £312.16s.8d @ 6 ¼ per Cent per Annum?
Answer £19.11s.0 ½ d
What
is the factorage of goods bought or otherwise negociated (sic) to the value of £392.18s.4d @ 2 ½ per
Cent?
Answer £7.17s.2d
What’s
the Insurance of £460 @ 10 ¾ per Cent?
Answer £49.9s
Take
off 5£ per Cent from £137.16s.8d For
prompt payment in Custom house duties
£137.16.8
Substract
6.17.10
Answer £130.18.10
Take
off 15£ per Cent from £1345.13s.4d For
the additional Duties on French and East India Goods
£1345.13.4
134.11.4
67.
5 .8
Substract
201.17.-
Ans’r £1143.16.4
PC Page 91
Simple Interest.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with large “S” and “I” but no flowers.
A
4 line border is under the title and a 3 line border crosses the bottom of the
page.
Examples:
What
is the Interest of £414.19s.8 ½ d @ 5£ per Cent per Annum for 4 Years?
£414.19.8 ½
5
£20.14.11 ¾ in 1 yr.
Answer £82.19.11 for 4 Years
What
is the Interest of £780.12.10 for 8 years & ½ at 6£ per Cent?
£780.12.10
6
£ 46.16.
9 for 1 Year
Answer £398.2.4 ½ for 8 ½
Years
What
is the Interest of £428.12.6 at 5£ per Cent for 6 Months?
£21. 8.7 ½ for 1 Year
Answer £10.14.3 ¾ for 6 Months
What
is the Interest of 875£ @ 6 ¼ per Cent for 9 Months?
Answer £41.0.3 ¾ for 9 Mo.
What’s
the Interest of £317.12.6 at 6£ per Cent for 2 Months & ½ ?
Answer £3.19.4 ¾ for 2 ½ Mo.
What
is the Interest of 840£ @ 5£ per Cent for 4 Months?
Answer £14 for 4 Months
PC Page 92
Simple Interest.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with large ornate “S” and “I”.
The
two masted “The brave Yankee” lies at anchor.
A
4 line border underlines the title and another 4 line border crosses the bottom
of the page.
A
large flourish follows the answer to the final problem.
Examples:
What
is the Interest of £355 at 6£ per Cent for a week or 7 days?
Answer 8s.2d
What’s
the Interest of £250 for 14 days at 6 ½ per Cent?
Answer 11s.6d
What
is the Interest of £800 for 1 Year & 18 days at 7£ per Cent?
Answer £58.15.2 ¾
PC Page 93
COMPOUND INTEREST.
Artwork:
The
title is in all caps with the letters shaded.
A
small unnamed ship is to the left of the title, and a small 2 story house with
2 chimneys is inside the “C”.
A
double width shaded border is at the top and bottom, and single width shaded
borders are at the sides. The title is underlined
by a single width shaded border.
Text:
Compound
Interest arises both from the Principal and Interest (i.e.) when Interest on
money becoming due and not paid, the same rate is allow’d
on the unpaid Interest, as was before on the Principal.
Therefore
to work sums in this Rule, after having found the first years Interest as
before add it to the Principal, and find the Interest of the sum, and so
continue to add every years produce, still accounting the sum a new Principal.
What
will 500 £ amount to in 3 years, at 6£ per Cent per Annum, Compound Interest?
£ s d
1st years interest
30 - -
2d
Ditto 31 16 -
3d
Ditto 33 14 1 ¾
Total Interest £ 95 10 1 ¾
Principal 500 - -
Answer £595 10 1 ¾
At
5 ¾ per Cent per An, Compound Interest, what will 625£.10s amount to in 2
years?
£ s d
1st years interest
35 19 3 ¾
2d
Ditto 38
- 8
Total Interest £ 73 19 11 ¾
Principal £625 10 -
Answer £699 9 11
¾
PC Page 94
Compound Interest.
Artwork:
The
title is in script with an enhanced “C” and “I”.
A
3 line border underlines the title.
A
2 line border is at the top of the page, and a thin shaded border is at the
page bottom.
Example:
At
6 ½ £ per Cent per Annum, Compound Interest, what will £275.15.8 amount to in 4
years & a half?
(A
series of multiplication computations derives the interest earned for each year
and the half year.)
£ s d
1st Years Interest 17 18 6
2d Do 19 1 9 ¾
3d Do 20 6 7
4th Do 21 13 3
½ a
year 11 10 7 ¼
Total Interest £ 90 10 7
Principal £275 15 8
Answer £366
6 3
PC Page 95
Poets Corner.
No
artwork; a single width shaded border around the page and under the title.
The
text has a few cross outs and write-overs.
On
the Death of General
Montgomery
When haughty
monarchs quit this chequer’d sun,
When
evil tyrants fall aprey to death,
Their
actions may employ the venal pen,
Their
praise may sound upon the venal breath.
But
when the hero and the patriot fall,
(Heroes
and patriots must submit to fate)
Then
may the mournful verse their virtues tell
And
elegy their fame may celebrate.
Come,
then, thou weeping mournful goddesses, come
In
baleful cypress and in yew array’d,
Meet
me, O meet me by the marble tomb,
In
which some hero or some patriot’s laid.
Meet
me beside the vault whose maw contains
Some
great preserver of his country’s peace,
Or
where the pious Randolph’s dear remains
Lie
bound by death’s insatiable cold embrace.
And
melancholy sable queen attend,
Sadness
and sorrow will support your train,
Ye
sheeted phantoms from your graves ascend
And
add an horrow to the awful scene.
‘Tis great
Montgomery demands the tear,
The
brave McPherson’s fate we’ll also mourn,
Both
to their bleeding country’s bosom dear,
Both
from their country, ah, forever torn.
Could
prayers or tears avert the dreadful blow
Could
piercing sighs recall the once lost breath.
Then
would our briny torrents ceaseless flow,
Until
we’d drawn them from the arms of death.
But
ah! They’re gone, they are now past relief
Their
fate we mourn in vain, in vain we weep,
Our
fears will not avail, our boundless grief Can
PC Page 96
Artwork:
A
very ornate “Peggy Clayton” in script is decorated with leaves and one flower
at the page bottom, with the date January the 12 Day 1777. This is followed by a flourish.
A
single width shaded border surrounds the page and separates the poem from the artwork.
Can
ne’er awake them from their deadly sleep.
Stretch’d on the hostile
plain they breathless lay,
Their
mortal eyes are closed in endless night,
But
then their souls are fled to endless day,
Methinks
I see them near the world of light.
Wrapt up in extacy I now behold
The
glorious gates of heaven open wide,
Millions
of seraphs, cloth’d in robes of gold
Enclose
the heroes in on every side.
Chief
of the band illustrious Warran’s son,
Sweetness
ineffable beams in his face,
Piercing
his eyes, though piercing, still serene,
Awful
his looks, yet in each look a grace.
A
wreath of laurel does his brows surround,
A
crown of glory does adorn his head,
And
on his breast is seen the purple wound,
This
which, from earth, his soul with horror fled.
Warran is sent to
greet his much loved friends,
To
him the lovely gentle task is given,
Safe
to conduct them where joy never ends,
And
bid them welcome to the bliss of Heaven.
Peggy Clayton January
the
12
Day 1777