The Winterthur Library

 The Joseph Downs Collection of Manuscripts and Printed Ephemera

Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum

5105 Kennett Pike, Winterthur, Delaware  19735

Telephone: 302-888-4600 or 800-448-3883

 

 

OVERVIEW OF THE COLLECTION

 

Creator:         Phyfe, Duncan, 1768-1854                                        

Title:               Papers

Dates:             1801-ca.1860

Call No.:         Col. 313         

Acc. No.:        [various – see detailed description]

Quantity:        1 box

Location:        17 I 3

 

 

 

BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT

 

Duncan Phyfe was a furniture maker in New York City.  Born as Duncan Fife in Loch Fannich, Scotland, he emigrated with his family to Albany, New York, around 1783.  (For many years, he was reported to have been born in 1768, but new evidence suggests 1770 as the true year of his birth.)  He possibly served his apprenticeship in his native country, although Albany and New York City are also possible.  Phyfe is believed to have opened a small shop in Albany before moving to New York City around 1792.  Duncan changed the spelling of his surname from Fife to Phyfe in 1794.

 

From the 1790s through 1847, Phyfe had a successful cabinetmaking business in New York City on Partition St., later becoming Fulton Street.  Phyfe's shop, which at one point had almost one hundred working craftsmen, attracted many of New York's leading citizens as customers.  Many other cabinetmakers copied Phyfe's work.

 

Until 1837, Phyfe conducted business under his own name, but in that year his sons, William (1803-1875) and James Duncan (1814-1887), became partners, and the firm was renamed Duncan Phyfe & Sons.  When William left the business in 1840, the name of the firm changed once again to Duncan Phyfe & Son.  Phyfe retired in 1847 having accumulated a large fortune.  He died on August 16, 1854.

 

Phyfe was married to Rachel Louzada (circa 1781-1851); they had seven children who lived past infancy, including a daughters Mary (1795-1870), Eliza (1803-1890; married William Vail, Jr.), and Isabella (ca.1814-1841).  In addition to the sons mentioned above, they had Michael (1794-1836; he also worked with his father), and Edward (1808-1887).  Mary married Sydney B. Whitlock (1794-1849, a ship’s captain).  In 1843, Phyfe bought a house in Southbury, Connecticut, for this daughter and her family. 

 

 

SCOPE AND CONTENT

 

The collection consists of bills, receipts, a letter, and the inventory of Phyfe's estate.  The bills of sale provide broad, general descriptions, usually recording the kind of the furniture that Phyfe made, and sometimes the type of wood used.  Along with a bill to Charles Bancker of Philadelphia is a piece of paper on which two different styles of chairs are drawn, with the prices for each.  Bancker was to choose the style he wanted to have made.  (None of Phyfe’s account books are known to have survived.)  The inventory of the contents of Duncan Phyfe’s house was done a month after his death.  The goods are listed by room.  The furniture was often made of mahogany or rosewood, and some pieces had marble tops. 

 

As well, the collection includes a list of goods from the estate of Michael Phyfe which were given to his widow Susan in 1836.  This lists a good deal of furniture, other household goods, and some livestock.  Also found is a group of photographs, taken in the late 1850s or the early 1860s, of the Connecticut house which Phyfe had given to his daughter Mary Whitlock.  Included are two photos taken at the time of the wedding of her son Duncan Phyfe Whitlock.

 

The Knox family materials are not closely related to the rest of the Phyfe collection.  The story is that they came with a Duncan Phyfe sofa acquired by an antiques dealer.  He sold the sofa but retained the letters.  In two letters is mentioned the fact that the Rev. John Knox of New York City had sent a sofa to his father, who died before it arrived.  The father appeared to have lived in Adams County, Pennsylvania.  Presumably, the sofa mentioned in the letters was the Phyfe sofa acquired by the dealer.

 

           

ORGANIZATION

           

Documents are arranged chronologically.

 

 

LANGUAGE OF MATERIALS

 

The materials are in English.

 

 

RESTRICTIONS ON ACCESS

 

Collection is open to the public.  Copyright restrictions may apply.

 

 

PROVENANCE

 

Purchased from various sources.

 

 

ACCESS POINTS

 

            People:

                        Knox family.

                        Phyfe, Michael, 1794-1836.

                        Whitlock, Mary Phyfe, 1795-1870.

 

Topics:

            Furniture - Drawings.

            Furniture - Prices.

            Furniture industry and trade - New York (State) - New York.

            Inventories of decedents' estates - New York (State) - New York.

            Inventories of decedents' estates - New Jersey – Middlesex County.

Coffins - Prices.

Weddings - Photographs.

            Bills of sale.

            Receipts.

            Estate records.

            Furniture makers.

 

 

 

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION

 

Location: 17 I 3

 

 

Box 1:

 

Folder 1:          Photoreproduction of a receipted bill from Duncan Phyfe to Mr. Rutherford, June 24, 1801.  For a coffin.  (acc. Ph1348   )

[from research files of R.T. Haines Halsey]

 

Folder 2:          Photocopy of a receipted bill from Duncan Phyfe to Mr. Morewood, Dec. 28, 1802. For a counting house desk, putting up a lamp, a sideboard, a washstand, and other items.  (from copy in DAPC)

                        [Original in Museum of the City of New York (57.28.1)]

 

                        Photocopy of a photograph of a receipt from Duncan Phyfe to John Cruger, Feb. 14, 1803 in a notebook kept by Cruger.  For a tea table.  (from copy in DAPC)   

                        [Location of original is unknown.]

 

                                    photocopy of a bill from Nichl. Carmes to the Corporation of City [of New York], for repairs at Federal Hall, April-May 1803; includes  a charge made to D. Phyfe for a desk, &c, as well as charges to Mr. van Winkle for blinds; Miller & Baker for boards; Richd. Furman for glazing; and Henry Clemment for nails.  (acc. Ph 1106)

                        [original at Queens College, Flushing, N.Y.]

 

Folder 3:          Receipted bill from Duncan Phyfe to George P. McCulloch, Sept. 10, 1806.  For a sideboard, set of dining tables, pair of bedsteads (?), pair of bureaus, and something else. 

                        On back: note from McCulloch to Messrs. Low & Wallace requesting them to pay Phyfe, Oct. 8, 1806, with Phyfe’s acknowledgement that he had received payment.  (acc. 54.37.33)

 

Folder 4:          Photocopies of four bills from Duncan Phyfe to Mr. Talbot, April 11 and May 20, 1807 and June 4 and 10, 1808.  For 2 bedsteads, 2 pine tables, a bureau, a pair of sofas[?], and another table.  There is also a charge for mending blinds.  (acc. Ph1123.1-.2)

                        Originals in Marine Historical Association, Mystic, Ct.

 

Folder 5:          Photographs and photocopies of a bill from Duncan Phyfe to William Bayard, Nov. 21, 1807.  Forms include chairs, sofas, a sideboard, dining tables, dressing table, card tables, tea tables, a basin stand, etc.  (acc. Ph183)

                        Ten side chairs and two arm chairs in the Phyfe Room here at Winterthur are thought to be mentioned in this bill.  

                        (This is the same as 65x595 which is still in the museum's collection, their acc. 1961.1436).

 

Folder 6:          Two bills from Duncan Phyfe to Thomas Masters, South Street, dated August and Dec. 7, 1810, covering work June-October 1810.  Forms include a wardrobe, bureaus, field and “trunnel” [trundle] bedsteads, basin stands, pine table, toilet table, a writing desk, a bookcase, and a child's coffin.  As well, a counting house desk was mended, bedsteads were put up, and casters were put on a bedstead. (acc. 61x052.1-.2)

                        Paper is watermarked.

 

Folder 7:          Photostatic copies of the title page and fly leaf of Phyfe’s copy of Revised Prices for Manufacturing Cabinet and Chair Work, New York, 1810. (acc. Ph928.1-.2)

                        [original held by Winterthur; see NK2406 N53a, in Rare Books]

 

Folder 8:          Bill from Duncan Phyfe to Mrs. Elizabeth Heyliger, Jan. 1811 for a dining table and packing.  With note from William Rogers to Markoe[?] & Martin to pay the bill on behalf of Lady Elizabeth Heyliger of St. Croix.  (acc. 69x62.3)

 

Folder 9:          Letter: Duncan Phyfe to N. Bancker of Philadelphia, Sept. 5, 1815.  Concerns chairs and a sofa Phyfe is making for Bancker and mentions card and pear [i.e. pier] tables he would like Bancker to see on his next visit to New York.  If mrs. Bancker does not like them, he doesn’t have to take them. (acc. 1955.115)       

                        [Letter has been laminated.]

 

Folder 10:        Bill from Duncan Phyfe to Charles N. Bancker, Jan. 4 and Aug. 21, 1816; postmarked Dec. 8.  Forms include chairs, sofa, pier and card tables, and foot stools. (acc. 56x6.3)

 

                        Pencil drawings of two different styles of Phyfe chairs, giving the price of each with cane bottoms or stuffed bottoms and the price of a loose cushion if the cane seat were chosen.  The prices correspond with those of the chairs on the above bill. (acc. 56x6.4)

 

Folder 11:        Bills from Duncan Phyfe to George Newbold, 1823-1826.  Items listed include dining table, dressing table, bidet, sofa, butler tray and stand, knife box, tea table, basin stands, bookcases, bookshelves, and pillows.  Charges for repairing furniture are also noted. (acc. 73x1, 73x2, 73x3)

 

Folder 12:        printed copy of a receipted bill, from Phyfe to Mr. Stanford, for a coffin and silver plate, Sept. 27, 1824.  [Page from catalog; description in the catalog mistakes Mr. Stanford’s name as that of a town.]

 

                        Photocopy of a bill from Duncan Phyfe to the estate of Thomas Worthington, by hands of Edward King, June 23, 1827 for a coffin.  (acc. Ph 413)

                        [Original in Ohio Historical Society]

 

                        Photograph of a receipt from Duncan Phyfe to Luman Reed, March 21, 1833 for $910.00. [from DAPC]

                        Location of original unknown.

 

Folder 13: Duncan Phyfe estate

                        Inventory of the personal estate of Duncan Phyfe, died Aug. 16, 1854.  Taken on Sept. 14, 1854, by appraisers John A. Livingston and S.[?] Burkhalter.

                         Lists "Household furniture at dwelling house, number 193 Fulton Street, N.Y.," providing a room by room inventory of the contents of his house and shop.  A list of stocks, bonds, notes, and cash is also present. (acc. 54.37.34)

 

Folder 14: Michael Phyfe estate

                        list of articles from estate of Michael Phyfe which Duncan Phyfe ordered to be given to Susan Phyfe, the widow, April 23, 1836.  Includes chairs, bureaus, looking glasses, sofa, tables, side board, window blinds, pictures, carpets, umbrella, birds in a cage, milk pans, objects on mantles, books, clocks, a map, bedsteads, beds and bedding, wash stand, clothes cupboard, brass kettles, private settee, guns, ashes, some livestock, some produce, a wagon, etc., etc. (acc. 14x5.1)

 

Folder 15: Michael Phyfe estate

                        photocopies of papers dealing with the estate of Michael Phyfe, 1836, copied from records of Middlesex County (New Jersey) Surrogate’s Office (acc. 14x5.2

 

Folder 16: Mary Phyfe Whitlock photos:

                        Photos of the house in Southbury, Conn., given by Phyfe to his daughter Mary Phyfe Whitlock in 1853.  Two of the photos show a wedding party (the groom is identified as being Duncan P. Whitlock) inside the house; two other photos show people outside the house; one photo shows the exterior of the house.  A photographic postcard shows a view of Southbury.  An envelope includes a list of the children of Mary and Sidney Whitlock.  The photos were probably taken in the late 1850s.  (acc. 99x12.1-.7)

 

Folder 17: Knox family materials      

                        These materials came from Joe Kindig Antiques.  The memory of the employees there is that these materials came with a Duncan Phyfe sofa which the firm acquired at one time.  The sofa was sold, but the letters and photo were retained by the firm.

                       

                        Letters, Samuel Knox, Adams County, [Pennsylvania,] to brother the Revd. John Knox, New York. Dec. 24, 1821 and Feb. 18, 1822.  In the first letter, Samuel informed John of the death of their father and of the father’s declining health before he died.  Samuel had received John’s letter about sending a sofa [apparently the Duncan Phyfe sofa acquired by Joe Kindig] via Baltimore that was for their father.  In the second letter, Samuel sent family news and related that he had brought the sofa home.  Two of the rollers on the feet fell off in transit.  (acc. 14x5.3-.4)

                        [a Dr. Samuel Knox died in Adams County, Penn., on Dec. 22, 1821.]

 

                        Note dated August 16, 1902.  Margaret A. Knox gives a sofa to her granddaughter Margaret G. R. Horner.  Her grandfather John Knox wanted Margaret to have it.  Note is attached to a piece of linen.  (acc. 14x5.5)

 

                        Carte-de-visite photo of John Knox, taken by Bogardus, New York City. (acc. 14x5.6)

 


 

RELATED MATERIAL IN THE DOWNS COLLECTION

 

Col. 61: Wills, inventories, and administration papers

 

65x086            Administrative accounts for the estate of John Bruce, New York, 1798, includes a reference to a coffin made by Phyfe.

 

54.37.40          Inventory of the estate of John B. Dash (tin and coppersmith), 1804.  Duncan Phyfe is listed as a debtor.

 

54.83.47          Accounts kept by Ann Brooks, administrator of the estate of James Brooks, New York, 1820, includes a reference to paying Duncan Phyfe for a coffin and plate.

 

 

Col. 32: Ernest F. Hagen Papers

                        Contains notes on Duncan Phyfe.

 

 

Col. 56: R.T. Haines Halsey Research Papers

                        Contains more of Hagen's notes on Duncan Phyfe.

 

 

Col. 565: Brewerton family papers 

 

63x061            Account, the estate of George Brewerton with William and Geo. R.A. Ricketts, includes an entry for amount paid to Phyfe for a headboard for a bedstead.

 

75x253            List of debts owed by the estate of Catherine Brewerton, Nov. 27, 1816.  Phyfe is paid for a wardrobe, coffin, etc.

 

 

RELATED MATERIALS IN OTHER LOCATIONS AT WINTERTHUR

           

Auction catalog for sale of furniture from Phyfe's warerooms dated April 1847 is in the Rare Book Collection (NK2439 P57). 

 

An autographed copy of The New York Revised Prices for Manufactured Cabinet and Chair Work, 1810, is in the Rare Book Collection (NK2406 N53a)

 

Photographs of furniture made by or attributed to Duncan Phyfe are in the Decorative Arts Photographic Collection (DAPC), along with photos of a portrait of Phyfe and a painting of his shop. 

 

The museum collection contains furniture from the workshop of Duncan Phyfe.


 

PHYFE MATERIAL IN OTHER LIBRARIES AND REPOSITORIES:

 

Bill from Duncan Phyfe to the Corporation of the City of New York for repairs at Federal Hall, May 26, 1803.  Historical Documents Collection, Queens College, Flushing, New York.

 

Accounts of Mrs. William Constable Sr., Nov. 26, 1805. Constable-Pierpont Papers, Box 23, New York Public Library, New York, N.Y.

 

Notebook of Victor du Pont, bills payable, Dec. 1805.  Winterthur MSS, Group 3, Series C, Box 28, Hagley, Greenville, Delaware.  Du Pont ordered a piano from Phyfe.

 

Bills from Duncan Phyfe to William Bayard, Nov. 24, 1807 and May 13, 1810.  Bayard-Campbell-Pearsall Papers, Box 8, New York Public Library.

 

Receipts from Duncan Phyfe to Francis Sexton, 1810-1819.  Francis Sexton Receipt book, New-York Historical Society.

 

Receipt from Duncan Phyfe to Oliver Wolcott, Dec. 31, 1821, in Receipt book of Oliver Wolcott, 1803-1814, Connecticut Historical Society.

 

Bill from Duncan Phyfe to Montgomery Livingston, March 13, 1813.  Newark Museum.

 

Receipt from Duncan Phyfe to Nicholas Low, Oct. 14, 1815.  Nicholas Low Papers, Box 137, Accounts, Library of Congress.

 

Bill from Duncan Phyfe to James L. Brinckerhoff, Oct. 26, 1816.  Papers of Robert Troup, Box 2, Folder: Brinckerhoff Domestic Receipts, 1815-1821, New York Public Library.

 

List of debts owed by William Constable, Jr., 1819.  Constable-Pierpont Papers, Box 23, New York Public Library.

 

Bill from Duncan Phyfe to John Jordan Morgan, May 26, 1823.  New York Society Library.

 

Bill from Duncan Phyfe to Mr. Turnbull, Nov. 28, 1829.  New-York Historical Society.

 

Receipt from Duncan Phyfe to B. Clark, August 16, 1834.  White House Collection.

 

Bill from Duncan Phyfe to Mr. Hasbrouck, August 17, 1841.  Huguenot Historical Society, New Paltz, New York.